stronger; for this reason, if the charity is insufficient for his wage, it is supplemented for him from the Public Treasury (Bayt al-Mal), and because what he takes is a wage. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "Give the hired worker his wage before his sweat dries." Then [he prioritizes] the most important, then the next most important; and the most important of them is the one with the most pressing need. If the charity suffices for the needs of all of them, he gives each person among them the amount by which his need is dispelled. Thus, he gives the poor person what makes him self-sufficient, which is what provides sufficiency for him and his family for that year. He gives the indigent (miskin) what completes that sufficiency, unless he gives him from gold or silver (wariq), regarding which there are two narrations: one is that he gives him what completes the sufficiency; the second is that he does not exceed fifty dirhams or its equivalent in gold, unless he has a family, in which case he pays him fifty dirhams for each one of them. He pays the worker the amount of his wage, the debtor what he pays off his debt with, the mukatab (contractual slave) what fulfills his contract, the warrior what he needs for the expenses of his expedition, and the wayfarer what will convey him to his land. If the charity falls short of their sufficiency, he distributes it among them according to his judgment. It is recommended not to reduce any category to fewer than three, because they are the minimum for a group, except for the worker, as he may be one. If the charity exceeds their sufficiency, he transfers the surplus to the nearest lands to him. If the one responsible for distributing it is its owner, it is recommended to begin with his own relatives, and to distribute it to the most important then the next most important, which is the one whose need is most acute and whose lineage is closest to him, and he gives to as many as he can.
Section: If two causes are combined in one person, it is permissible to receive for each one of them separately, like a poor debtor. He is given for both of them together, so he is given what he pays off his debt with, then he is given what makes him self-sufficient; because
(19) Its source has been provided in: 8/17. (20) In M: "ashad" (most intense). (21) In A and B: "wa-al-wariq" (and the silver). (22) Omitted from B. (23) In M: "yazidu" (he exceeds). (24) In M, an addition: "bihi" (with it). (25) In A, an addition: "bihi" (with it).
أقْوَى، ولذلك إذا عَجَزَتِ الصَّدقةُ عن أَجْرِه, تُمَّمَ له من بيتِ المالِ, ولأنَّ ما يأخُذُه أجرٌ. وقد قال النَّبِىُّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "أَعْطُوا الْأَجِيرَ أجْرَه قبْلَ أنْ يَجِفَّ عَرَقُهُ" (١٩). ثم بالأهَمِّ فالأهَمِّ، وأهَمُّهم أشَدُّهم (٢٠) حاجةً، فإن كانت الصَّدقةُ تَفِى بحاجةِ جميعِهِم, أَعْطَى كلَّ إنسانٍ منهم قَدْرَ ما يَدْفَعُ به حاجَتَه, فيُعطِى الفقيرَ ما يُغْنِيه, وهو ما تَحْصُلُ له به الكفايةُ فى عامهِ ذلك، له ولعِيالِه، ويُعْطِى المسكينَ ما تَتِمُّ به الكِفايةُ, إلَّا أن يُعطِيَه من الذَّهَبِ أو الوَرِقِ (٢١)، ففيه رِوَايتان؛ إحْداهما؛ يُعْطِيه (٢٢) ما تَتِمُّ به الكفايةُ, والثانية، لا يَزِيدُه (٢٣) على خَمْسينَ دِرْهمًا, أو قِيمَتِها من الذَّهَبِ, إلَّا أن يكونَ له عِيالٌ، فيَدْفَعَ إليه لكلِّ واحدٍ منهم خمسينَ درهمًا, ويدفعَ إلى العاملِ قَدْرَ أجْرِه, وإلى الغارمِ ما يَقْضِى به غُرْمَه، وإلى المُكاتَبِ ما يُوفِى (٢٤) كِتابَتَه, والغازِى يُعْطَى ما يَحْتاجُ إليه لمُؤْنةِ غَزْوِه، وابنُ السَّبِيلِ ما يُبَلِّغُه إلى بَلَدِه. وإن نَقَصَتِ الصَّدقةُ عن كِفَايَتِهِم, فَرَّقَ فيهم على حسَب ما يَرَى. ويُسْتَحَبُّ أن لا يَنْقُصَ من كلِّ صنفٍ عن أقَلَّ من ثلاثةٍ؛ لأنَّهم أقلُّ الجَمْعِ، إلَّا العاملَ، فإنَّه يكونُ واحدًا. وإن فَضَلَتِ الصَّدَقةُ عن كِفَايَتِهِم, نَقَلَ الفاضِلَ إلى أقْرَبِ البلادِ إليه. وإن كان المُتَوَلِّى لتَفْريقِها رَبُّها, فيُسْتَحَبُّ أن يَبْدأ بأهْلِها من أهْلِه، ويُفَرِّقَها فى الأَهَمِّ فالأهمِّ، وهو من اشْتَدَّتْ حاجَتُه, وقَرُبَ منه نَسَبُه، ويُعْطِى مَنْ أمْكَنَه.
فصل: وإن اجْتَمعَ فى واحدٍ سَبَبانِ، يجوزُ الأخْذُ بكلِّ واحدٍ منهما مُنْفَرِدًا, كالفقيرِ الغارِمِ، أُعْطِىَ بهما جميعًا، فيُعْطَى ما يَقْضِى (٢٥) غُرْمَه, ثم يُعْطَى ما يُغْنِيه؛ لأنَّ
(١٩) تقدم تخريجه فى: ٨/ ١٧.(٢٠) فى م: "أشد".(٢١) فى أ، ب: "والورق".(٢٢) سقط من: ب.(٢٣) فى م: "يزيد".(٢٤) فى م زيادة: "به".(٢٥) فى أزيادة: "به".