to fathers, that women have any say in the matter." Furthermore, since it is a contract that remains subject to rescission, it is also subject to authorization, like a bequest. Our argument is the statement of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him: "Any woman who marries herself without the permission of her guardian, her marriage is void." He also said: "If a slave marries without the permission of his master, his marriage is void." Narrated by Abu Dawud and Ibn Majah, except that Abu Dawud said: "It is mawquf (attributed to a Companion) to Ibn 'Umar." Furthermore, it is a contract in which its legal effects—such as divorce, khul', li'an (imprecation), inheritance, and others—are not established; thus, it is not concluded, like the marriage of a woman in her 'idda (waiting period). As for the hadith of the woman whom the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, gave the choice, it is mursal (a narration where a Successor omits the Companion) from 'Ikrimah; people have narrated it this way and did not mention Ibn 'Abbas, as stated by Abu Dawud. Then, it is possible that this woman is the one who said: "My father married me to his brother's son to raise his low status through me." He gave her the choice because of her being married to someone who was not her equal (kuf'), and this establishes the right of choice but does not render the marriage void. As for a bequest, acceptance can be delayed, and it is valid after death; therefore, it is treated differently from other legal dispositions. There is no derivation to be made based on this narration due to its clarity. As for the other narration, testimony is considered in the contract because it is a condition for it; thus, its presence is considered along with it, like acceptance. It is not considered in the authorization because authorization is not a contract. Furthermore, when it [the authorization] is found, ownership is traced back to the time of the contract, such that if the contract involved an increase in property, it is from the time of the [contract, not from the time of] the authorization. If one of them dies before the authorization, the other does not inherit from him.