(23), and no one disapproved of it, which indicates their consensus on the validity of marrying her off before her puberty by the guardianship of someone other than her father. And God knows best.
1120 - Issue: He said: (If her father asks for the permission of a virgin who has reached puberty, that is good.)
We know of no disagreement regarding the desirability of asking for her permission. The Prophet (peace be upon him) commanded it and forbade marriage without it, and the minimum status of that is recommendation. Furthermore, it serves to soothe her heart and avoids dispute. Aisha said: I asked the Messenger of God (peace be upon him) about the young girl whose family marries her off; should she be asked for permission or not? The Messenger of God (peace be upon him) said to her: "Yes, she must be asked for permission." He also said: "Ask for the permission of women regarding their private parts, for the virgin is shy, so her silence is her permission." Both are agreed upon (1). It was narrated from Ata' that the Prophet (peace be upon him) used to ask his daughters for permission when he married them off. He said: He would sit near the curtain of the woman being proposed to and say: "So-and-so mentions so-and-so." If she moved the curtain, he would not marry her off, but if she remained silent, he would marry her off (2).
Section: It is recommended to ask for the mother's permission in marrying off her daughter, because of the Prophet's saying (peace be upon him): "Ask the women for permission regarding their daughters" (3). This is also because she shares in the consideration for her daughter and in securing the interest for her, due to her affection for her; and in asking for her permission, there is a soothing of her heart (4) and pleasing her, so it is more appropriate.
(23) Recorded by Abu Nu'aym in Dhikr Akhbar Asbahan 2/273. (1) Both recorded by al-Bukhari in: The Chapter on the Prohibition of Marriage by Compulsion, from the Book of Compulsion (Sahih al-Bukhari 9/26, 27); and Muslim in: The Chapter on Seeking the Permission of a Previously-Married Woman for Marriage..., from the Book of Marriage (Sahih Muslim 2/1037). Imam Ahmad also recorded the first in Musnad 6/165, and al-Nasa'i recorded the second in: The Chapter on the Permission of a Virgin, from the Book of Marriage (Al-Mujtaba 6/70), as did Imam Ahmad in Musnad 6/45, 203. (2) Recorded by Imam Ahmad in Musnad 6/78 from Aisha, and by 'Abd al-Razzaq in: The Chapter on Seeking the Permission of Women Regarding Their Private Parts, from the Book of Marriage (Al-Musannaf 6/144) with slight variations in wording, and also from the narration of Ibn Abi Kathir with his exact wording in 6/141. (3) Its verification has preceded on page 400. (4) In the original: "li-qalbiha" (for her heart).
اللَّه (٢٣)، ولم يُنْكِرْه مُنْكِرٌ، فدَلَّ على اتِّفاقِهِم على صِحّةِ تَزْوِيجِها قبلَ بُلُوغِها بوِلايةِ غيرِ أبِيها. واللَّه أعلم.
١١٢٠ - مسألة؛ قال: (ولَوِ اسْتأذَنَ الْبِكْرَ الْبَالِغَةَ وَالِدُهَا، كَانَ حَسَنًا)
لا نعلمُ خلافًا فى اسْتِحبابِ اسْتِئْذانِها، فإنَّ النَّبِىَّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- قد أمَرَ به، ونَهَى عن النِّكاحِ بدُونِه، وأقَلُّ أحْوالِ ذلك الاسْتِحبابُ، ولأن فيه تَطْيِيبَ قَلْبِها، وخُرُوجًا من الخِلافِ. وقالت عائشةُ: سألْتُ رسولَ اللَّه -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- عن الجارِية ينْكِحُها أهْلُها، أتُسْتَأْمَرُ أم لا؟ فقال لها رسولُ اللَّه -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "نَعَمْ، تُسْتَأْمَرُ". وقال: "اسْتَأْمِرُوا النِّسَاءَ فِى أبْضَاعِهِنَّ؛ فَإِنَّ البِكْرَ تَسْتَحِى، فتَسْكُتُ، فَهُوَ إِذْنُها". مُتَّفَقٌ عليهما (١). ورُوِىَ عن عَطاءٍ، قال: كان النبىُّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- يَسْتَأْمِرُ بناتِه إذا أنْكَحَهُنَّ. قال: كان يَجْلِسُ عند خِدْرِ المَخْطُوبةِ، فيقولُ: "إنَّ فُلَانًا يَذكُرُ فُلَانَةَ". فإن حَرَّكَتِ الخِدْرَ لم يُزَوِّجْها، وإن سَكَتَتْ زَوّجَها (٢).
فصل: ويُسْتَحَبُّ اسْتِئذانُ المرأةِ فى تَزْويج ابْنَتِها؛ لقولِ النَّبِىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "آمِرُوا النِّسَاءَ فِى بَناتِهِنَّ" (٣). ولأنَّها تُشاركه فى النَّظَرِ لِابْنَتِها، وتَحْصِيلِ المصلحةِ لها، لِشَفَقَتِها عليها، وفى اسْتِئْذانِها تَطْيِيبُ قَلْبِها (٤)، وإرْضاءٌ لها فتكون أَوْلَى.
(٢٣) أورده أبو نعيم، فى ذكر أخبار أصبهان ٢/ ٢٧٣.(١) أخرجهما البخارى، فى: باب لا يجوز نكاح المكره، من كتاب الإكراه. صحيح البخارى ٩/ ٢٦، ٢٧. ومسلم، فى: باب استئذان الثيب فى النكاح. . .، من كتاب النكاح. صحيح مسلم ٢/ ١٠٣٧.كما أخرج الأول الإمام أحمد، فى: المسند ٦/ ١٦٥. والثانى النسائى، فى: باب إذن البكر، من كتاب النكاح. المجتبى ٦/ ٧٠. والإمام أحمد، فى: المسند ٦/ ٤٥، ٢٠٣.(٢) أخرجه الإمام أحمد، فى: المسند ٦/ ٧٨ عن عائشة. وعبد الرزاق، فى: باب استئمار النساء فى أبضاعهن، من كتاب النكاح. المصنف ٦/ ١٤٤. باختلاف يسير فى لفظه، ومن رواية ابن أبى كثير بلفظه فى ٦/ ١٤١.(٣) تقدم تخريجه فى صفحة ٤٠٠.(٤) فى الأصل: "لقلبها".
