The child is not attributed to him; because she is a bed for someone else, so her child is not attributed to him, just like a stranger.
Section: Regarding whom it is permissible to look at among strangers. It is permissible for a physician to look at whatever part of her body the need dictates, whether it is a private part or otherwise, for it is a place of necessity. It has been narrated that when the Prophet - peace and blessings of Allah be upon him - designated Sa'd to judge the Banu Qurayza, he would uncover their waist-wrappers (67). And from 'Uthman, that he was brought a boy who had stolen, so he said: "Look at his waist-wrapper." They did not find that he had grown hair [of puberty], so he did not cut off his hand (68). A witness is permitted to look at the face of the woman against whom he is testifying so that the testimony may be directed at her person specifically. Ahmad said: One should not testify against a woman unless he has identified her personally. If he enters into a transaction with a woman in a sale or lease, he may look at her face so that he may identify her personally, in order to seek recourse against her for any defect. It has been narrated from Ahmad that he disliked (69) this in the case of a young woman as opposed to an elderly one. Perhaps he disliked it for those who fear temptation, or for those who can dispense with the transaction. As for when there is a need and no desire, then there is no harm.
Section: As for a man looking at a strange woman (ajnabiyyah) without a valid cause, it is forbidden to look at her entire body according to the manifest view of Ahmad's position. Ahmad said: He should not eat with his divorced wife; she is a stranger (ajnabiyyah) and it is not permissible for him to look at
(66) In M: "so she is not". (67) Recorded by al-Bukhari in: The Chapter on if the enemy accepts the judgment of a man, from the Book of Jihad; in: The Chapter on the merits of Sa'd ibn Mu'adh, from the Book of Virtues; in: The Chapter on the return of the Prophet - peace and blessings of Allah be upon him - from the Battle of the Confederates..., from the Book of Military Expeditions; and in: The Chapter on the saying of the Prophet - peace and blessings of Allah be upon him -: "Stand up for your leader," from the Book of Seeking Permission. Sahih al-Bukhari 4/81, 82, 5/12, 143, 144, 8/72, 73. And Muslim in: The Chapter on the permissibility of fighting those who violate a treaty..., from the Book of Jihad. Sahih Muslim 3/1388, 1389. And al-Tirmidhi in: The Chapter on what has been narrated regarding accepting judgment, from the Chapters of Expeditions. 'Aridat al-Ahwadhi 7/78, 79. And al-Darimi in: The Chapter on the Banu Qurayza accepting the judgment of Sa'd ibn Mu'adh, from the Book of Expeditions. Sunan al-Darimi 2/238. And Imam Ahmad in: al-Musnad 3/22, 71. (68) Recorded by al-Bayhaqi in: The Chapter on puberty through the growth of hair, from the Book of Interdiction. al-Sunan al-Kubra 6/58. And 'Abd al-Razzaq in: The Chapter on there being no prescribed punishment for one who has not reached puberty and the time of puberty, from the Book of Divorce; and in: The Chapter on there being no amputation for one who has not reached puberty, from the Book of Found Property. al-Musannaf 7/338, 10/177, 178. And Ibn Abi Shaybah in: The Chapter on the boy who steals or commits a crime requiring punishment, from the Book of Penalties. al-Musannaf 9/485. (69) In the original: "dislike" (karahiya).
لا يَلْحَقُه الوَلَدُ؛ لأنَّها فِرَاشٌ لغيرِه، فلم (٦٦) يَلْحَقه وَلَدُها، كالأجْنَبِيَّةِ.
فصل: فى من يُباحُ له النَّظرُ من الأجانبِ. ويُباحُ للطَّبِيبِ النَّظَرُ إلى ما تَدْعُو إليه الحاجةُ من بَدَنِها، من العَوْرَةِ وغيرِها، فإنَّه مَوْضِعُ حاجةٍ، وقد رُوِىَ أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- لمَّا حَكَّمَ سعدًا فى بنى قُرَيْظةَ، كان يَكْشِفُ عن مُؤْتَزَرِهم (٦٧). وعن عثمانَ، أنَّه أُتِىَ بغُلامٍ قد سَرَق، فقال: انْظُرُوا إلى مُؤْتَزَرِه. فلم يَجِدُوه أنْبتَ الشَّعْرَ، فلم يَقْطَعْهُ (٦٨). وللشَّاهدِ النَّظرُ إلى وَجْهِ المَشْهُودِ عليها؛ لتكونَ الشهادةُ واقعةً على عَيْنِها. قال أحمدُ: لا يَشْهَدُ على امرأةٍ إلَّا أن يكونَ قد عَرَفَها بعَيْنِها. وإن عامَلَ امرأةً فى بيعٍ أو إجَارةٍ، فله النَّظرُ إلى وَجْهِها؛ ليَعْلَمَها بعَيْنِها، فيَرْجِعَ عليها بالدَّرْكِ. وقد رُوِىَ عن أحمدَ كَرَاهةُ (٦٩) ذلك فى حَقِّ الشَّابَّةِ دون العَجُوزِ. ولعلَّه كَرِهَه لمن يخافُ الفِتْنةَ، أو يَسْتَغْنِى عن المُعاملةِ، فأمَّا مع الحاجةِ وعَدَمِ الشَّهْوةِ، فلا بَأْسَ.
فصل: فأمَّا نَظَرُ الرجلِ إلى الأجْنَبِيَّةِ من غيرِ سَبَبٍ، فإنَّه مُحَرَّمٌ إلى جَميعِها، فى ظاهر كلامِ أحمدَ. قال أحمدُ: لا يأكلُ مع مُطَلَّقَتِه، هو أجنبىٌّ لا يَحِلُّ له أن يَنْظُرَ
(٦٦) فى م: "فلا".(٦٧) أخرجه البخارى، فى: باب إذا نزل العدو على حكم رجل، من كتاب الجهاد، وفى: باب مناقب سعد بن معاذ، من كتاب المناقب، وفى: باب مرجع النبى -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- من الأحزاب. . .، من كتاب المغازى، وفى: باب قول النبى -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: قوموا إلى سيدكم، من كتاب الاستئذان، صحيح البخارى ٤/ ٨١، ٨٢، ٥/ ١٢، ١٤٣، ١٤٤، ٨/ ٧٢، ٧٣. ومسلم، فى: باب جواز قتال من نقض العهد. . .، من كتاب الجهاد. صحيح مسلم ٣/ ١٣٨٨، ١٣٨٩. والترمذى، فى: باب ما جاء فى النزول على الحكم، من أبواب السير. عارضة الأحوذى ٧/ ٧٨، ٧٩. والدارمى، فى: باب نزول أهل قريظة على حكم سعد بن معاذ، من كتاب السير. سنن الدارمى ٢/ ٢٣٨. والإمام أحمد، فى: المسند ٣/ ٢٢، ٧١.(٦٨) أخرجه البيهقى، فى: باب البلوغ بالإنبات، من كتاب الحجر. السنن الكبرى ٦/ ٥٨. وعبد الرزاق، فى: باب لا حد على من لم يبلغ الحلم ووقت الحلم، من كتاب الطلاق، وفى: باب لا قطع على من لم يحتلم، من كتاب اللقطة. المصنف ٧/ ٣٣٨، ١٠/ ١٧٧، ١٧٨. وابن أبى شيبة، فى: باب فى الغلام يسرق أو يأتى الحد، من كتاب الحدود. المصنف ٩/ ٤٨٥.(٦٩) فى الأصل: "كراهية".