Salih. Masruq, Alqama, and Shurayh held the opinion of Ibn Mas'ud. As for the school of Zayd, it is what al-Khiraqi mentioned, and we will explain it, God willing. Ahmad held this view, as did the people of Medina, the people of the Levant, al-Thawri, al-Awza'i, al-Nakha'i, al-Hajjaj ibn Artah (16), Malik, al-Shafi'i, Abu Yusuf, Muhammad ibn al-Hasan, Abu 'Ubayd, and the majority of scholars.
1020 - Issue: Abu al-Qasim said: "The school of Abu 'Abd Allah, may Allah have mercy on him, regarding the grandfather is the opinion of Zayd ibn Thabit, may Allah be pleased with him: If there are brothers, sisters, and a grandfather, the grandfather shall divide with them as if he were a brother, until the third becomes better for him. When the third is better for him, he is given a third of the entire estate."
The gist of this is that Zayd's school regarding the grandfather with brothers and sisters, whether they are full siblings or paternal siblings, is that he is given the more favorable of two things: either division, as if he were a brother, or a third of the entire estate. Thus, if there are two brothers, four sisters, or one brother and two sisters, the third and the division are equal, so give him whichever you wish. If they are fewer than that, the division is more favorable for him, so divide with him and nothing else. If they are more, the third is better for him, so give him that. It is the same whether they are paternal or full siblings. If both full siblings and paternal siblings gather with the grandfather, the full siblings count the grandfather as a partner along with the paternal siblings and account for them against him. Then, whatever is obtained by them is taken from them by the full siblings, unless the full siblings consist of only one sister, who takes from them to complete half of the estate, and whatever remains is theirs. It is impossible for more than a sixth to remain over them, because the minimum the grandfather receives is a third, the sister receives half, and the remainder after them is the sixth.
(16) Al-Hajjaj ibn Artah al-Kufi, the judge, jurist, and mufti. He narrated from al-Sha'bi and 'Ata'. Tahdhib al-Tahdhib, 2/196. (1) In [copies] A, B, and M: "qasama" (he divided). (2) Omitted from M. (3) In M: "fa-in" (if). (4) Omitted from A. (5) They 'yu'addun' (count against each other/partner with): when they share in that which they participate in as partners. The 'ada'id' are those who share with one another in inheritance. Al-Lisan (entry: 'a-d-d).
صَالِحٍ. وذهبَ إلى قولِ ابنِ مَسْعُودٍ، مَسْرُوقٌ، وعَلْقَمَةُ، وشُرَيْحٌ. وأمَّا مذهبُ زَيْدٍ فهو الذي ذكره الخِرَقِيُّ، وسَنَشْرَحُه إنْ شاءَ اللهُ. وإليه ذَهَبَ أحمدُ. وبه قالَ أهلُ المدينةِ، وأهلُ الشَّامِ، والثَّوْرِىُّ، والأوْزاعِيُّ، والنَّخَعِيُّ، والحَجَّاجُ بنُ أَرْطاةَ (١٦)، ومالِكٌ، والشَّافِعِيُّ، وأبو يوسفَ، ومحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ، وأبو عُبَيْدٍ، وأكثرُ أهلِ العلمِ.
١٠٢٠ - مسألة؛ قال أبو القاسِمِ: (وَمَذْهَبُ أَبِى عَبْدِ اللهِ، رَحِمَهُ اللهُ، فِي الْجَدِّ، قَوْلُ زيدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، رَضِىَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: وَإِذَا كَانَ إِخْوَةٌ وَأَخَوَاتٌ وَجَدٌّ، قَاسَمَهُمُ (١) الجَدُّ بِمَنْزِلَةِ أَخٍ، حَتَّى يَكُونَ الثُّلُثُ خَيْرًا لَهُ (٢)، فَإذَا (٣) كَانَ الثُّلُثُ خَيْرًا لَهُ، أُعْطِىَ ثُلُثَ جَمِيعِ المَالِ)
وجملةُ ذلك أنَّ مذهبَ زَيْدٍ في الجدِّ مع الإِخوةِ، والأخواتِ للأبوَيْنِ، أو للأبِ، أنَّه يُعْطِيه الأحَظَّ من شيئَيْنِ؛ إمَّا المُقاسَمةُ، كأنَّه أخٌ، وإمَّا ثُلُثُ جميعِ المالِ. فعلَى هذا إذا كان الإِخوةُ اثنَيْنِ، أو أَرْبَعَ أخَواتٍ، أو أَخًا وأُخْتَيْنِ، فالثُّلُثُ والمُقْاسَمةُ سواءٌ، فأعْطِه ما شِئْتَ منهما. وإنْ نَقَصُوا عن ذلك، فالمُقاسَمةُ أحظُّ له (٤)، فقاسِمْ به لا غَيْرُ. وإنْ زادوا، فالثُّلُثُ خيرٌ له، فأعْطِه إيَّاه. وسواءٌ كانوا من أبٍ أو مِن أبَوَيْنِ. فإنِ اجْتَمَعَ وَلَدُ الأبوَيْنِ، وولدُ الأبِ، فإنَّ ولدَ الأبَوَيْنِ يُعادُّونَ (٥) الجَدَّ بوَلَدِ الأبِ، ويَحْتَسِبُونَ بِهِم عليه، ثم ما حَصَلَ لهم أخَذَه منهم ولدُ الأبَوَيْنِ، إلَّا أنْ يكونَ ولدُ الأبوَيْنِ أخْتًا واحدَةً، فتأخُذَ منهم تَمامَ نِصْفِ المالِ، ثم ما فَضَلَ فهو لهم. ولا يُمْكِنُ أنْ يَفْضُلَ عنهم أكثرُ من السُّدُسِ؛ لأنَّ أدْنَى ما للجَدِّ الثُّلُثُ، وللأُخْتِ النِّصْفُ، والباقِي بعدَهما هو السُّدُسُ.
(١٦) الحجاج بن أرطاة الكوفى القاضي الفقيه المفتى، روى عن الشعبي وعطاء. تهذيب التهذيب ٢/ ١٩٦.(١) في أ، ب، م: "قاسم".(٢) سقط من: م.(٣) في م: "فإن".(٤) سقط من: أ.(٥) هم يتعادُّون: إذا اشتركوا فيما يُعادُّ فيه بعضهم بعضا. والعدائد: الذين يُعادُّ بعضهم بعضا في الميراث. اللسان (ع د د).
