yaruddunakum min ba'di imanikum kuffaran hasadan min 'indi anfusihim min ba'di ma tabayyana lahum (would turn you back as disbelievers after you have believed, out of envy from themselves, even after the truth has become clear to them), meaning: that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah and that his religion is the truth. 'Fa'fu wasfahu' (so pardon and overlook).
Muhammad said: His saying, the Exalted, 'hasadan min 'indi anfusihim' (out of envy from themselves) means: that their scripture commanded them to that which they are upon [of polytheism], and this is clarified by His saying, the Exalted, 'min ba'di ma tabayyana lahumul-haqqu fa'fu wasfahu hatta ya'tiyallahu bi amrihi innallaha 'ala kulli shay'in qadir' (even after the truth has become clear to them, so pardon and overlook until Allah brings about His command. Indeed, Allah is over all things competent) [17b]. Qatadah said: This verse was before they were commanded to fight the People of the Scripture; then Allah sent down after that Surat Bara'ah, in which He brought His command and His judgment, which is: 'Fight those who do not believe in Allah' [verse 29, Surah At-Tawbah, though the text references 111-112].
يَرُدُّونَكُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ إِيمَانِكُمْ كُفَّارًا حَسَدًا مِنْ عِنْدِ أَنْفُسِهِمْ مِنْ بعد مَا تبين لَهُم﴾ يَعْنِي: أَن مُحَمَّدًا رَسُول اللَّهِ، وَأَن دينه الْحق ﴿فَاعْفُوا وَاصْفَحُوا﴾
قَالَ مُحَمَّد: قَوْله تَعَالَى: ﴿حَسَدًا من عِنْد أنفسهم﴾ الْمَعْنى: أَن كِتَابهمْ أَمرهم بِمَا هُم عَلَيْهِ [من الشّرك] وَبَين ذَلِكَ قَوْله تَعَالَى: ﴿مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُمُ الْحَقُّ فَاعْفُوا وَاصْفَحُوا حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ اللَّهُ بِأَمْرِهِ أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قدير﴾ ﴿ل ١٧﴾ قَالَ قَتَادَة: كَانَت هَذِه الْآيَة قبل أَن يؤمروا بِقِتَال أهل الْكتاب؛ ثمَّ أنزل اللَّه بعد ذَلِك سُورَة بَرَاءَة، وأتى فِيهَا بأَمْره وقضائه؛ وَهُوَ: ﴿قتلوا الَّذين لَا يُؤمنُونَ بِاللَّه﴾ الْآيَة [آيَة ١١١ - ١١٢]
