“And let a scribe write between you with justice,” meaning: he should not add to what is requested, nor subtract from the right of the claimant. “And let not the scribe refuse to write as Allah has taught him,” meaning: writing, and He left others without teaching them. “So let him write, and let the one who has the obligation dictate,” meaning: the one from whom it is claimed. “And let him fear Allah, his Lord, and not diminish anything from it,” meaning: do not subtract from the right of the claimant. “But if the one who has the obligation is a fool,” meaning: ignorant, “or weak,” meaning: in his intellect, “or unable to dictate himself,” meaning: the one who has the obligation, “then let his guardian dictate,” meaning: the guardian of the right, “with justice,” meaning: he should not add anything.
His saying: “that one of them may err,” meaning: that one of them might forget the testimony, “then the other can remind her,” meaning: the one who retained the testimony reminds the other.
Muhammad said: Whoever reads “an tadilla” with the alif opened, it is based on the meaning: because she might err; this is what Qutrub said, and other grammarians have opinions other than this; Allah knows best.
﴿وليكتب بَيْنكُم كَاتب الْعدْل﴾ أَي: لَا يَزِيد عَلَى الْمَطْلُوب، وَلا ينقص من حق الطَّالِب ﴿وَلا يَأْبَ كَاتِبٌ أَنْ يَكْتُبَ كَمَا علمه الله﴾ الْكِتَابَة، وَترك غَيره فَلم يُعلمهُ ﴿فَلْيَكْتُبْ وَلْيُمْلِلِ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ الْحَقُّ﴾ يَعْنِي: الْمَطْلُوب ﴿وَلْيَتَّقِ اللَّهَ رَبَّهُ وَلَا يبخس مِنْهُ شَيْئا﴾ (ل ٤١) أَي: لَا ينقص من حق الطَّالِب ﴿فَإِنْ كَانَ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ الْحق سَفِيها﴾ [يَعْنِي: جَاهِلا] ﴿أَو ضَعِيفا﴾ يَعْنِي: فِي عقله ﴿أَوْ لَا يَسْتَطِيع أَن يمل هُوَ﴾ يَعْنِي: الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ الْحق ﴿فَلْيُمْلِلْ وليه﴾ أَي: ولي الْحق ﴿بِالْعَدْلِ﴾ لَا يزْدَاد شَيْئا.
قَوْله: ﴿أَنْ تضل إِحْدَاهمَا﴾ أَي: تنسى إِحْدَاهمَا الشَّهَادَة ﴿فَتُذَكِّرَ إِحْدَاهمَا الْأُخْرَى﴾ أَي: تذكر الَّتِي حفظت شهادتها الْأُخْرَى.
قَالَ مُحَمَّد: من قَرَأَ ﴿أَن تضل﴾ بِفَتْح الْألف؛ فعلى معنى: من أجل أَن تضل؛ كَذَلِك قَالَ قطرب، وَلغيره من النَّحْوِيين فِيهِ قَول غير هَذَا؛ فَالله أعلم.
