"And do not give the foolish your wealth" (An-Nisa: 5). Al-Kalbi said: It means: women and children. If a man knows that his wife is foolish and wasteful, or his son is foolish and wasteful, then he should not give either of them authority over his wealth.
Muhammad said: The root of foolishness (safah) in the language is: ignorance. "Which Allah has made a support (qiwaman) for you" for your livelihoods and well-being; and it is also read as "qiyaman."
Muhammad said: It is said: "This is the qiwam of your affair and its qiyam," meaning: that by which your affair is maintained. Whoever reads it as "qiyaman" (as an infinitive noun of existence), it returns to this meaning; i.e., Allah made them the stability of things, for by them things are maintained. "And provide for them therein," meaning: from the wealth, "and clothe them and speak to them a word of kindness," meaning: a good promise. [Verse 6].
﴿وَلَا تُؤْتوا السُّفَهَاء أَمْوَالكُم﴾ قَالَ الْكَلْبِيّ: يَعْنِي: النِّسَاء وَالْأَوْلَاد؛ إِذا علم الرجل أَن امْرَأَته سَفِيهَة مفْسدَة، أَو ابْنه سَفِيه مُفسد؛ فَلَا يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَن يُسَلط أَيهمَا على مَاله.
(ل ٥٩) قَالَ مُحَمَّد: والسفه فِي اللُّغَة أَصله: الْجَهْل. (الَّتِي جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ قِوَامًا) لمعايشكم وصلاحكم، وتقرأ ﴿قيَاما﴾
قَالَ مُحَمَّد: يُقَال: هَذَا قوام أَمرك وقيامه؛ أَي: مَا يقوم بِهِ أَمرك. وَمن قَرَأَ (قِيَمًا) فَهُوَ رَاجع إِلَى هَذَا؛ أَي: جعلهَا الله قيم الْأَشْيَاء؛ فبها تقوم. ﴿وارزقوهم فِيهَا﴾ يَعْنِي: من الْأَمْوَال ﴿وَاكْسُوهُمْ وَقُولُوا لَهُم قولا مَعْرُوفا﴾ يَعْنِي: الْعدة الْحَسَنَة. [آيَة ٦]
