His statement: "If you avoid the major sins which you are forbidden, We will remove from you your lesser sins and admit you to a noble entrance," meaning: Paradise. Qatadah said: "God has only promised forgiveness to those who avoid the major sins."
Yahya: From Abu Umayyah, from Yahya ibn Abi Kathir, who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "The major sins are nine: Associating partners with Allah (shirk), killing a soul which Allah has forbidden [except for a just cause], disobedience to one's Muslim parents, consuming usury, consuming the wealth of an orphan, accusing chaste women of adultery, practicing witchcraft, fleeing from the battlefield, and giving false testimony."
Yahya: From al-Hasan al-Basri, who said: "Fleeing from the battlefield was considered among the major sins on the day of Badr."
Yahya: From Nasr ibn Tarif, from Qatadah, from al-Hasan: "That the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) had the major sins mentioned in his presence, and he said: 'And where do you place the false, perjured oath (al-yamin al-ghamus)?'"
قَوْله: ﴿إِنْ تَجْتَنِبُوا كَبَائِرَ مَا تُنْهَوْنَ عَنْهُ نُكَفِّرْ عَنْكُمْ سَيِّئَاتِكُمْ وَنُدْخِلكُمْ مدخلًا كَرِيمًا﴾ يَعْنِي: الْجنَّة. قَالَ قَتَادَة: إِنَّمَا وعد الله الْمَغْفِرَة من اجْتنب الْكَبَائِر.
يَحْيَى: عَنْ أَبِي أُمَيَّةَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: ((الْكَبَائِرُ تِسْعٌ: الإِشْرَاكُ بِاللَّهِ، وَقَتْلُ النَّفْسِ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ [إِلا بِالْحَقِّ]، وَعُقُوقُ الْوَالِدَيْنِ الْمُسْلِمَيْنِ، وَأَكْلُ الرِّبَا، وَأَكْلُ مَالِ الْيَتِيمِ، وَقَذْفُ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ، وَالسِّحْرُ، وَالْفِرَارُ مِنَ الزَّحْفِ، وَشَهَادَةُ الزُّورِ)).
يَحْيَى: عَنِ الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ قَالَ: كَانَ الْفِرَارُ مِنَ الزَّحْفِ مِنَ الْكَبَائِرِ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ.
يَحْيَى: عَنْ نَصْرِ بْنِ طَرِيفٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَن الْحسن: ((أَن النَّبِي عليه السلام ذُكِرَتْ عِنْدَهُ الْكَبَائِرُ، فَقَالَ: فَأَيْنَ تَجْعَلُونَ الْيَمِينَ الْغَمُوسَ؟)).
