His saying: 'They do not understand,' meaning: they do not understand the prohibition of Satan, who prohibits things for them.
Qatada said:
The Bahira (she-camel) was from among the camels. If a she-camel had given birth five times, they would look at the fifth birth; if it was a male, the men would eat it to the exclusion of the women, and if it were dead, both men and women would share it. If it was a female, they would slit its ear—meaning, they would split it—and it would be left alone; its milk would not be drunk, its fur would not be shorn, and it would not be ridden.
The Sa'iba (set-free camel): They would set free whatever of their livestock they pleased, so it would not be prevented from water or pasture.
The Wasila (connected animal) from among the sheep:
If a ewe had given birth seven times, they would look at the seventh birth; if it was a male, it would be slaughtered, and it would be for the men to the exclusion of the women. If it were dead, both men and women would share it. If it was a female, it would be left alone. If it gave birth to a male and a female, they would say: 'It has connected with its brother,' so it prevented him from being slaughtered.
And the Hami (the stallion camel), when he had been ridden [by his offspring for ten times, it was said] he has protected his back, so he would not be haltered, nor would he be bridled, nor would he be ridden.
Surah Al-Ma'idah from verse (104) to verse (105).
قَوْله: ﴿لَا يعْقلُونَ﴾ يَعْنِي: لَا يَعْقِلُونَ تَحْرِيمَ الشَّيْطَانِ الَّذِي يُحَرِّمُ عَلَيْهِمْ.
قَالَ قَتَادَةُ:
كَانَتِ الْبَحِيرَةُ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ؛ كَانَتِ النَّاقَةُ إِذَا نَتَجَتَ خَمْسَةَ أَبْطُنٍ، نَظَرَ إِلَى الْبَطْنِ الْخَامِسِ؛ فَإِنْ كَانَ ذَكَرًا أَكَلَهُ الرِّجَالُ دُونَ النِّسَاءِ، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ مَيْتَةً اشْتَرَكَ فِيهَا الرِّجَالُ وَالنِّسَاءُ، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ أُنْثَى نَحَرُوا أُذُنَهَا؛ أَيْ: شَقُّوهَا، وَتُرِكَتْ فَلَا يُشْرَبُ لَهَا لَبَنٌ، وَلَا يُجَزُّ لَهَا وبرٌ، وَلَا يُرْكَبُ لَهَا ظَهْرٌ.
وَالسَّائِبَةُ: كَانُوا يَسِيبُونَ مَا بَدَا لَهُمْ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ، فَلَا يُمْنَعُ مِنْ مَاءٍ وَلَا مَرْعًى.
وَالْوَصِيلَةُ مِنَ الْغَنَمِ:
كَانُوا إِذَا نَتَجَتِ الشَّاةُ سَبْعَةَ أَبْطُنٍ، نَظَرُوا إِلَى الْبَطْنِ السَّابِعِ، فَإِنْ كَانَ ذَكَرًا ذُبِحَ، فَكَانَ لِلرِّجَالُ دُونَ النِّسَاءِ، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ مَيْتَةً اشْتَرَكَ فِيهَا الرِّجَالُ وَالنِّسَاءُ، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ أُنْثَى تُرِكَتْ، وَإِنْ جَاءَتْ بِذَكَرٍ وَأُنْثَى قِيلَ: وَصَلَتْ أَخَاهَا فَمَنَعَتْهُ الذَّبْحَ.
وَكَانَ الْحَامُ إِذَا رُكِبَ [مِنْ وَلَدِهِ عَشَرَةً قِيلَ] حَمَى ظَهْرَهُ فَلَا (يُزَمُّ) وَلَا يخطم وَلَا يركب.
سُورَة الْمَائِدَة من الْآيَة (١٠٤) إِلَى الْآيَة (١٠٥).