Muhammad said: The response to 'if' (law) has been abbreviated because there is that in the speech which indicates it.
'Do those who have believed not despair [know] that if Allah had willed, He would have guided the people, all of them?' meaning: Does it not know?
Muhammad said: It is said that it is a dialect of the Nakha' tribe, where 'yay'as' (despair) is in the meaning of 'ya'rif' (to know). A poet said:
I say to them in the mountain pass when they capture me... Do you not know that I am the son of Faris Zahdam?
Meaning: Do you not know?
'And those who disbelieve will not cease to be struck, for what they have done, by a disaster'—which refers to the military expeditions, the expeditions of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), through which Allah inflicts punishment upon them—'or it descends'—meaning you, O Muhammad—'near their home, until the promise of Allah comes.' This means the conquest of Makkah, according to the interpretation of Mujahid and Qatadah.
Surat ar-Ra'd from verse (31) to verse (34).
قَالَ محمدٌ: اخْتُصِرَ جَوَابُ (لَوْ)؛ إِذْ كَانَ فِي الْكَلَامِ مَا يدل عَلَيْهِ.
﴿أفلم ييأس الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَنْ لَوْ يَشَاءُ الله لهدى النَّاس جَمِيعًا﴾ أَيْ: أَلَمْ يَعْرِفْ؟
قَالَ محمدٌ: قِيلَ: إِنَّهَا لغةٌ لِلنَّخَعِ (يَيْأَسُ) بِمَعْنَى: يَعْرِفُ قَالَ الشَّاعِرُ:
(أَقُولُ لَهُمْ بِالشِّعْبِ إِذْ يَأْسِرُونَنِي … أَلَمْ تَيْأَسُوا أَنِّي ابْنُ فَارِسِ زَهْدَمِ)
أَيْ: أَلَمْ تَعْلَمُوا.
﴿وَلا يَزَالُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا تُصِيبُهُمْ بِمَا صَنَعُوا قَارِعَة﴾ هِيَ السَّرَايَا سَرَايَا رَسُولِ اللَّهِ عليه السلام يُصِيبَهُمُ اللَّهُ مِنْهَا بِعَذَاب ﴿أَو تحل﴾ أَنْتَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ ﴿قَرِيبًا مِنْ دَارِهِمْ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ وَعْدُ اللَّهِ﴾ يَعْنِي: فَتْحَ مَكَّةَ؛ فِي تَفْسِيرِ مُجَاهِد وَقَتَادَة.
سُورَة الرَّعْد من الْآيَة (٣٢) إِلَى الْآيَة (٣٤).
