"And when those who believe in Our verses come to you," [the verse]. The interpretation by al-Kalbi is that it was Abu Talib who said to the Prophet: 'Drive away such-and-such person, and such-and-such person, and such-and-such person,' and that some of the Prophet’s companions said: 'O Messenger of Allah, your uncle is correct; so drive away from us the lowly among the non-Arab converts (mawali).' Allah rebuked them in the first verse, so they came to the Messenger of Allah apologizing for their slip and asking him to pardon them. Thus, Allah revealed: 'And when those who believe in Our verses come to you, say: Peace be upon you.' Allah commanded him to greet them with peace.
"Your Lord has decreed upon Himself mercy: that any of you who does wrong out of ignorance" [Qatada said: Every sin committed by a servant is out of ignorance].
﴿وَإِذَا جَاءَكَ الَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِآيَاتِنَا﴾ الْآيَةَ، تَفْسِيرُ الْكَلْبِيِّ:
أَنَّ أَبَا طَالِبٍ هُوَ الَّذِي قَالَ لِلنَّبِيِّ: اطرد (ل ٩٤) فُلَانًا وَفُلَانًا وَفُلَانًا، وَأَنَّ نَاسًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، صَدَقَ عَمُّكَ؛ فَاطْرُدْ عَنَّا سَفَلَةَ الْمَوَالِي، فَعَاتَبَهُمُ اللَّهُ فِي الْآيَةِ الْأُولَى، فَجَاءُوا يَعْتَذِرُونَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ مِنْ سَقْطَتِهِمْ، وَيَسْأَلُونَهُ أَنْ يَعْفُوَ عَنْهُمْ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ: ﴿وَإِذَا جَاءَكَ الَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِآيَاتِنَا فَقل سَلام عَلَيْكُم﴾ أَمَرَهُ اللَّهُ أَنْ يُسَلِّمَ عَلَيْهِمْ.
﴿كَتَبَ رَبُّكُمْ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ الرَّحْمَةَ أَنَّهُ مَنْ عَمِلَ مِنْكُمْ سُوءًا بِجَهَالَة﴾ [قَالَ قَتَادَةُ: كُلُّ ذَنْبٍ عَمِلَهُ عَبْدٌ فَهُوَ بِجَهَالَةٍ].
