He made of them apes and swine; they were transformed in the time of David into apes, and in the time of Jesus into swine. "And We made their hearts hard; they pervert the word from its places," which refers to what they distorted of the Book of Allah.
"And they have forgotten a portion of that whereof they were reminded," meaning: they forgot the Book of Allah, neglected its ordinances, and suspended its prescribed punishments (hudud).
"And you will not cease to discover treachery from them, except for a few of them," meaning: those of them who believed.
Muhammad [Ibn Abi Zamanin] said: "The act of treachery (al-kha'inah) and betrayal (al-khiyanah) are the same, although it is possible that 'al-kha'inah' functions as a descriptor for a man, just as one says: 'a tyrant man' (rajul taghiyah) or 'a narrator of hadith' (rawiyah lil-hadith)."
"So pardon them and overlook [their faults]." This is abrogated. Surat al-Ma'idah, from verse (14) to verse (17).
فَجَعَلَ مِنْهُمْ قِرَدَةً وَخَنَازِيرَ مُسِخُوا فِي زَمَانِ دَاوُدَ قِرَدَةً، وَفِي زَمَانِ عِيسَى خَنَازِيرَ ﴿وَجَعَلْنَا قُلُوبَهُمْ قَاسِيَةً يُحَرِّفُونَ الْكَلِمَ عَنْ مَوَاضِعِهِ﴾ وَهُوَ مَا حَرَّفُوا مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ.
﴿وَنَسُوا حَظًّا مِمَّا ذُكِّرُوا بِهِ﴾ أَيْ: نَسُوا كِتَابَ اللَّهِ، وَضَيَّعُوا فَرَائِضَهُ، وَعَطَّلُوا حُدُودَهُ.
﴿وَلا تَزَالُ تَطَّلِعُ عَلَى خَائِنَةٍ مِنْهُمْ إِلا قَلِيلا مِنْهُم﴾ يَعْنِي: مَنْ آمَنَ مِنْهُمْ.
قَالَ مُحَمَّدٌ: الْخَائِنَةُ وَالْخِيَانَةُ وَاحِدَةٌ، وَقَدْ يَجُوزُ أَنْ تَكُونَ الْخَائِنَةُ صِفَةً لِلرَّجُلِ؛ كَمَا يُقَالُ: رَجُلٌ طَاغِيَةٌ، وَرَاوِيَةٌ لِلْحَدِيثِ.
﴿فَاعْفُ عَنْهُمْ وَاصْفَحْ﴾ وَهَذَا مَنْسُوخ. سُورَة الْمَائِدَة من الْآيَة (١٤) إِلَى الْآيَة (١٧)
