His statement: "They ask you about the spoils of war. Say, 'The spoils of war are for Allah and the Messenger'" (Al-Anfal: 1), the verse.
Al-Kalbi said:
It has reached us that when the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) drew up the lines against the polytheists on the day of Badr, he said—in order to incite the people to fight—: "Indeed, Allah has promised me that He will grant me victory at Badr, and that He will grant me their army as spoils. So, whoever kills a combatant shall have such-and-such from their spoils, if Allah wills." When they engaged, Allah cast terror into the hearts of the polytheists, and they were defeated. The swift ones among the people pursued them; they killed seventy and seized the army and what was within it, while the elite of the people remained with the Messenger of Allah at his battle lines, and not one of them strayed from him. Then, Abu al-Yasar bin 'Amr al-Ansari, from the tribe of Banu Salama, stood up and spoke to the Messenger of Allah, saying: "O Messenger of Allah, you promised those who killed a combatant or captured a prisoner the portion of the spoils of the people that you promised them, and we have killed seventy and captured seventy." Then Sa'd bin Mu'adh stood up and said: "O Messenger of Allah, it was not cowardice before the enemy nor a lack of desire for the reward that prevented us from pursuing as those people did, but we feared that we might leave your rank exposed, so the cavalry of the polytheists might turn against you." The Messenger of Allah turned away from both of them. Then Abu al-Yasar repeated his initial statement, and Sa'd returned and spoke just as he had spoken the first time.
And he said: "O Messenger of Allah, the prisoners and the killed are many, while the spoils are few, and if you give those..."
قَوْلُهُ: ﴿يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الأَنْفَالِ قل الْأَنْفَال لله وَالرَّسُول﴾ الْآيَةَ.
قَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ:
بَلَغَنَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمَّا صَافَّ الْمُشْرِكِينَ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ، قَالَ - لِيُحَرِّضَ النَّاسَ عَلَى الْقِتَالِ -: إِنَّ اللَّهَ وَعَدَنِي أَنْ يَفْتَحَ لِي بَدْرًا، وَأَنْ يُغْنِمَنِي عَسْكَرَهُمْ؛ فَمَنْ قَتَلَ قَتِيلا، فَلَهُ كَذَا وَكَذَا مِنْ غَنِيمَتِهِمْ - إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ. فَلَمَّا تَوَافَدُوا أَدْخَلَ اللَّهُ فِي قُلُوبِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ الرُّعْبَ فَانْهَزَمُوا، فَأَتْبَعَهُمْ سَرْعَانُ مِنَ النَّاسِ؛ فَقَتَلُوا سَبْعِينَ، وَغَنِمُوا الْعَسْكَرَ وَمَا فِيهِ، وَأَقَامَ وَجُوهُ النَّاسِ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ فِي مَصَافِّهِ، فَلَمْ يَشُذْ عَنْهُ مِنْهُمْ أحدٌ، ثُمَّ قَامَ أَبُو الْيَسَرِ بْنُ عَمْرٍو الأَنْصَارِيُّ مِنْ بَنِي سَلَمَةَ، فَكَلَّمَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّكَ وَعَدْتَ مَنْ قَتَلَ قَتِيلا أَوْ أَسَرَ أَسِيرًا مِنْ غَنِيمَةِ الْقَوْمِ الَّذِي وَعَدْتَهُمْ، وَإِنَّا قَتَلْنَا سَبْعِينَ، وَأَسَرْنَا سَبْعِينَ. ثُمَّ قَامَ سَعْدُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّهُ مَا مَنَعْنَا أَنْ نَطْلُبَ كَمَا طَلَبَ هَؤُلاءِ زِهَادَةٌ فِي الأَجْرِ، وَلا جبنٌ عَنِ الْعَدُوِّ، وَلَكِنَّا خِفْنَا أَنْ نُعَرِّي صَفَّكَ فَتَعْطِفَ عَلَيْكَ خيل الْمُشْركين. فأرعض عَنْهُمَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ. ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبُو الْيَسَرِ مِثْلَ كَلامِهِ الأَوَّلِ، وَعَادَ سَعْدٌ فَتَكَلَّمَ مِثْلَ كَلامِهِ الأَوَّلِ.
وَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، الأُسَارَى وَالْقَتْلَى كثيرٌ، وَالْغَنِيمَةُ قَلِيلَةٌ، وَإِنْ تُعْطِ هَؤُلاءِ
