"And if they break their oaths after their treaty, and revile your religion" up to His saying: "And Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise." The explanation of al-Kalbi: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) had made a truce with the people of Makkah for a year while he was at al-Hudaybiyyah. They prevented him from reaching the House (the Ka'bah), then they made a peace treaty with him on the condition that he would return that year without setting foot in their city, and that he would not slaughter the sacrificial animals in their land, and that they would vacate it for him for three days the following year, and that he would not bring any weapons to them except for weapons kept in their scabbards, and that whoever from among us reverts to you shall be returned to us. The Messenger of Allah made peace with them on that. They remained as long as Allah willed them to remain. Then the allies of the Messenger of Allah from Khuza'ah fought the allies of the Banu Umayyah from Banu Kinanah. The Banu Umayyah aided their allies with weapons and food. Thirty men from the allies of the Messenger of Allah from Khuza'ah, among whom was Budayl ibn Warqa', rode out and appealed to the Messenger of Allah for the alliance. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) ordered that his allies be helped, and Allah revealed to His Prophet: "And if they break their oaths after their treaty, and revile your religion, then fight the leaders of disbelief; indeed, there are no oaths for them"—meaning: they have no covenant— "so that they might cease."
﴿وَإِنْ نَكَثُوا أَيْمَانَهُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ عَهْدِهِمْ وَطَعَنُوا فِي دِينِكُمْ﴾ إِلَى قَوْله: ﴿وَالله عليم حَكِيم﴾ تَفْسِير الْكَلْبِيّ:
أَن رَسُول اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ وَادِعَ أَهْلَ مَكَّةَ سَنَةً؛ وَهُوَ يومئذٍ بِالْحُدَيْبِيَةِ، فَحَبَسُوهُ عَنِ الْبَيْتِ، ثُمَّ صَالَحُوهُ؛ عَلَى أَنَّكَ تَرْجِعُ عَامَكَ هَذَا وَلا تَطَأُ بَلَدَنَا، وَلا تَنْحَرُ الْبُدْنَ مِنْ أَرْضِنَا، وَأَنْ نُخَلِّيَهَا لَكَ عَامًا قَابِلا ثَلاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ، وَلا تَأْتِينَا بِالسِّلاحِ إِلا سِلاحًا تَجْعَلُهَا فِي قِرَابٍ وَأَنَّهُ مَنْ صَبَأَ مِنَّا إِلَيْكَ فَهُوَ إِلَيْنَا ردٌّ. فَصَالَحَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ عَلَى ذَلِكَ، فَمَكَثُوا مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ أَنْ يَمْكُثُوا، ثُمَّ إِنَّ حُلَفَاءَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ مِنْ خُزَاعَةَ قَاتَلُوا حُلَفَاءَ بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ مِنْ بَنِي كَنَانَةَ؛ فَأَمَدَّتْ بَنُو أُمَيَّةَ حُلَفَاءَهُمْ بِالسِّلاحِ وَالطَّعَامِ، فَرَكِبَ ثَلاثُونَ رَجُلا مِنْ حُلَفَاءِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ مِنْ خُزَاعَةَ فِيهِمْ بُدَيْلُ بْنُ وَرْقَاءَ، فَنَاشَدُوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ الْحلف، فَأمر رَسُول الله ﷺ أَنْ يُعِينَ حُلَفَاءَهُ وَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَى نَبِيِّهِ: ﴿وَإِنْ نَكَثُوا أَيْمَانَهُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ عَهْدِهِمْ وَطَعَنُوا فِي دِينِكُمْ فَقَاتِلُوا أَئِمَّةَ الْكُفْرِ إِنَّهُمْ لَا أَيْمَان لَهُم﴾: لَا عَهْدَ لَهُمْ ﴿لَعَلَّهُمْ يَنْتَهُونَ﴾.
