"So you see those in whose hearts is disease," meaning: the hypocrites, "hastening among them," concerning the People of the Scripture; that is, agreeing with them in secret. "Saying, 'We are afraid that a misfortune may strike us,'" meaning that they might be granted victory over us, so we would have established a bond of affection between us and them. Allah said: "But perhaps Allah will bring conquest or a command from Him," until the end of the verse.

Al-Kalbi said:

So Allah brought the conquest, granted victory to His Prophet, and the command of Allah came from Him regarding the expulsion of Banu Nadir, the killing of Banu Qurayza, and the taking of their descendants as captives. The hypocrites then regretted their actions until their hypocrisy became manifest, and those they favored were driven from their land. At that point, those who believed said to one another: "Are these the ones who swore by Allah their strongest oaths that they were indeed with you?" until the end of the verse.

Surat al-Ma'idah from verse (54) to verse (57).