"The ones who remained behind rejoiced at their staying behind against the Messenger of Allah." Muhammad (Ibn Abi Zamanin) said: It is said: The meaning is that they sat back in opposition to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace).
"And they said: Do not go forth in the heat." Qatadah said:
The believers went out on that day to Tabuk in the scorching heat. Allah (Mighty and Majestic is He) said to the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace): "Say: The fire of Hell is more intense in heat" than the fire of this world, "if they only understood." Al-Hasan said: He says: If they understood, they would have known that the fire of Hell is more intense in heat than the fire of this world.
Yahya: On the authority of al-Nadr ibn Ma'bad, on the authority of Abu Qilabah, he said:
While the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) was on a journey on a day of intense heat, he stopped at a place. A man among them began to put his garment under his feet because of the intense heat of the ground. The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) said: "Do I not see you distressed by the heat of the sun, while between you and it is a distance of five hundred years? By Him in Whose hand is my soul, if a door from the doors of Hell were opened in the East, and a man were in the West, his brain would boil until it flowed out of his nostrils."
﴿فَرِحَ الْمُخَلَّفُونَ بِمَقْعَدِهِمْ خِلافَ رَسُولِ الله﴾ قَالَ محمدٌ: قِيلَ: الْمَعْنَى: بِأَنْ قعدوا لمُخَالفَة رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ.
﴿وَقَالُوا لَا تَنْفِرُوا فِي الْحَرِّ﴾ قَالَ قَتَادَةُ:
خَرَجَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ يومئذٍ إِلَى تَبُوكَ فِي لَهَبَانِ الْحَرِّ؛ قَالَ اللَّه ﷿ للنَّبِي ﷺ: ﴿قُلْ نَارَ جَهَنَّمَ أَشَدُّ حَرًّا﴾ مِنْ نَارِ الدُّنْيَا ﴿لَوْ كَانُوا يَفْقَهُونَ﴾ قَالَ الْحَسَنُ: يَقُولُ: لَوْ كَانُوا يَفْقَهُونَ لَعَلِمُوا أَنَّ نَارَ جَهَنَّمَ أَشَدُّ حَرًّا مِنْ نَارِ الدُّنْيَا.
يحيى: عَنِ النَّضْرِ بْنِ مَعْبَدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلابَةَ قَالَ:
بَيْنَمَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي مسيرٍ لَهُ فِي يومٍ شَدِيدِ الْحَرِّ إِذْ نَزَلَ مَنْزِلا، فَجَعَلَ الرَّجُلُ مِنْهُمْ يَنْتَعِلُ ثَوْبَهُ مِنْ شِدَّةِ حَرِّ الأَرْضِ؛ فَقَالَ رَسُول الله ﷺ: أَلا أَرَاكُمْ تَجْزَعُونَ مِنْ حَرِّ الشَّمْسِ وَبَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهَا مسيرَة خَمْسمِائَة عَامٍ! فَوَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَوْ أَنَّ بَابًا مِنْ أَبْوَابِ جَهَنَّمَ فُتِحَ بِالْمَشْرِقِ، ورجلٌ بِالْمَغْرِبِ لَغَلَّى دِمَاغُهُ حَتَّى يَسِيلَ مِنْ مُنْخَرَيْهِ ".
