"If they turn away," meaning: if they do not believe.
"We have not sent you over them as a guardian," to preserve their deeds for them so that you may recompense them for them. "Your duty is only to convey (the message)," and it is not your duty to coerce them, for they were commanded to fight them later.
"And when We let man taste," meaning: the polytheist, "mercy from Us," and this is the mercy of this world, including its prosperity and well-being, "he rejoices in it," as in His saying: "and they rejoiced in the life of the world," for they do not acknowledge the Hereafter. "But if an evil befalls them," such as the loss of wealth or illness, "because of what their hands have sent forth," meaning: what they have done, "then indeed, man is ungrateful," meaning: the polytheist, who has neither patience nor hope for reward in the face of calamity, because he does not hope for the reward of the Hereafter.
Interpretation of Surat ash-Shura from verse 49 to verse 53.
﴿فَإِنْ أَعْرَضُوا﴾ أَي: لمْ يُؤمنُوا.
﴿فَمَا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ عَلَيْهِمْ حَفِيظًا﴾ تَحْفَظُ عَلَيْهِمْ أَعْمَالَهُمْ؛ حَتَّى تُجَازِيَهُمْ بهَا ﴿إِنْ عَلَيْكَ إِلَا الْبَلَاغُ﴾ وَلَيْسَ عَلَيْك أَن تكرههم وَقد أمروا بقتالهم بعد.
﴿وَإِنَّا إِذَا أَذَقْنَا الإِنسَانَ﴾ يَعْنِي: الْمُشرك ﴿مِنَّا رَحْمَةً﴾ وَهَذِه رَحْمَة الدُّنْيَا , وَمَا فِيهَا من الرخَاء والعافية ﴿فَرِحَ بِهَا﴾ كَقَوْلِه: ﴿وفرحوا بِالْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا﴾ لَا يُقِرُّونَ بِالْآخِرَةِ ﴿وَإِن تُصِبْهُمْ سَيِّئَةٌ﴾ من ذهَاب مالٍ , أَو مرضٍ ﴿بِمَا قَدَّمَتْ﴾ ﴿عملت﴾ (أَيْدِيهِمْ فَإِنَّ الإِنسَانَ كَفُورٌ﴾ يَعْنِي: الْمُشرك لَيْسَ لَهُ صبرٌ على الْمُصِيبَة وَلَا حسبَة؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَا يَرْجُو ثَوَاب الْآخِرَة.
تَفْسِير سُورَة الشورى من الْآيَة ٤٩ إِلَى آيَة ٥٣.
