was a poet who used to satirize the Prophet (peace be upon him). It is concerning them that Allah revealed: "Many of the People of the Scripture wish to turn you back to disbelief after you have believed, out of envy..." up to His saying: "...so pardon and overlook."
His saying: "out of envy."
1084 - 'Ali ibn al-Husayn narrated to us, Muhammad ibn al-'Ala' (Abu Kurayb) narrated to us, 'Uthman ibn Sa'id informed us, from Bishr ibn 'Umarah, from Abu Rawq, from al-Dahhak, from Ibn 'Abbas: That an unlettered Messenger informs them of what they possess of messengers, scriptures, and signs, then he affirms that which is with them [to be] like their affirmation or even stronger than their affirmation, but they rejected that out of disbelief, envy, and aggression. Thus Allah said: "out of envy from within themselves."
His saying: "from within themselves."
1085 - My father narrated to us, Ahmad ibn 'Abd al-Rahman narrated to us, 'Abd Allah ibn Abi Ja'far narrated to us, from his father, from al-Rabi' ibn Anas: "from within themselves" means of their own accord.
His saying: "after the truth has become clear to them."
1086 - 'Ali ibn al-Husayn narrated to us, Muhammad ibn al-'Ala' narrated to us, 'Uthman ibn Sa'id narrated to us, Bishr ibn 'Umarah narrated to us, from Abu Rawq, from al-Dahhak, from Ibn 'Abbas: "after the truth has become clear to them" means: after the truth has shone clearly for them. They were not ignorant of any part of it, but envy drove them to rejection. So Allah chided them, rebuked them, and blamed them with the harshest blame, and He legislated for His Prophet (peace be upon him) and the believers that which they possess of affirmation, belief, and acknowledgment of what Allah revealed to them, and what Allah revealed before them, by virtue of His generosity, His abundant reward, and His aid to them.
His saying: "the truth."
1087 - 'Isam ibn Rawwad narrated to us, Adam narrated to us, from Abu Ja'far al-Razi, from al-Rabi', from Abu al-'Aliyah regarding His saying: "after the truth has become clear to them"—meaning after it became clear to them that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), as they find him written [described] with them in the Torah and the Gospel, yet they disbelieved in him out of envy and aggression, since he was from other than their own [people]. Similar [interpretations] were narrated from Qatadah, al-Rabi' ibn Anas, and al-Suddi.
كَانَ شَاعِرًا، وَكَانَ يَهْجُو النَّبِيَّ- صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- وَفِيهِمْ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ وَدَّ كَثِيرٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ لَوْ يَرُدُّونَكُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ إِيمَانِكُمْ كُفَّارًا حَسَدًا إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: فَاعْفُوا وَاصْفَحُوا
قوله: كُفَّارًا حَسَدًا
١٠٨٤ - حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَلاءِ- أَبُو كُرَيْبٍ أَنْبَأَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ بِشْرِ بْنِ عُمَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي رَوْقٍ عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولا أُمِّيًّا يُخْبِرُهُمْ بِمَا فِي أَيْدِيهِمْ مِنَ الرُّسُلِ وَالْكُتُبِ وَالآيَاتِ، ثُمَّ يُصَدِّقُ بِذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ مِثْلَ تَصْدِيقِهِمْ أَوْ أَشَدَّ مِنْ تَصْدِيقِهِمْ، وَلَكِنَّهُمْ جَحَدُوا ذَلِكَ كُفْرًا وَحَسَدًا وَبَغْيًا. وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَ اللَّهُ كُفَّارًا حَسَدًا مِنْ عِنْدِ أَنْفُسِهِمْ
قوله: مِنْ عِنْدِ أَنْفُسِهِمْ
١٠٨٥ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ثنا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ: مِنْ عِنْدِ أَنْفُسِهِمْ مِنْ قِبَلِ أَنْفُسِهِمْ.
قَوْلُهُ: مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُمُ الْحَقُّ
١٠٨٦ - حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَلاءِ ثنا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ ثنا بِشْرُ بْنُ عُمَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي رَوْقٍ عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُمْ يَقُولُ:
مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا أَضَاءَ لَهُمُ الْحَقُّ، لَمْ يَجْهَلُوا مِنْهُ شَيْئًا، وَلَكِنَّ الْحَسَدَ حَمَلَهُمْ عَلَى الْجُحُودِ، فَعَيَّرَهُمُ اللَّهُ وَوَبَّخَهُمْ وَلامَهُمْ أَشَدَّ الْمَلامَةِ وَشَرَعَ لِنَبِيِّهِ- صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- وَالْمُؤْمِنِينَ مَا هُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ التَّصْدِيقِ وَالإِيمَانِ وَالإِقْرَارِ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ بِكَرَامَتِهِ وَثَوَابِهِ الْجَزِيلِ وَمَعُونَتِهِ لَهُمْ.
قوله: الْحَقُّ
١٠٨٧ - حَدَّثَنَا عِصَامُ بْنُ رَوَّادٍ ثنا آدَمُ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الرَّازِيُّ عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ عَنْ أَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ فِي قَوْلِهِ: مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُمُ الْحَقُّ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُمْ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ- صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- يَجِدُونَهُ مَكْتُوبًا عِنْدَهُمْ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ وَالإِنْجِيلِ فَكَفَرُوا بِهِ حَسَدًا وَبَغْيًا إِذْ كَانَ مِنْ غَيْرِهِمْ. وَرُوِيَ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، وَالرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ وَالسُّدِّيِّ نَحْوُ ذَلِكَ.
