2284 - 'Isam b. Rawwad narrated to us, Adam narrated to us, al-Layth b. Sa'd narrated to us, from 'Aqil b. Khalid, from Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri, regarding His saying: "Nor the father of the child [be harmed] through his child," he said: It is not for the father of the child—he means the father—to take his child away from his mother as a means of harming her, when she would accept the same wage as another woman would be satisfied with.
And the Third Aspect:
2285 - al-Hasan b. Ahmad narrated to us, Musa b. Muhallim narrated to us, 'Abd al-Kabir b. 'Abd al-Majid al-Hanafi narrated to us, 'Abbad b. Mansur narrated to us, he said: I asked al-Hasan about His saying: "Nor the father of the child [be harmed] through his child," he said: It is not for the father to be harmed through his child by causing his mother harm, such as ordering her to wean him before the completion of two full years of breastfeeding, as Allah the Most High said, while she desires to complete his breastfeeding. Nor is it for him to take his child away from his mother as a means of harming her, and to find a wet-nurse for him other than her, against her will, while she desires to breastfeed him, for she is the most affectionate towards her child and provides the best nourishment for him.
His saying, the Most High: "And upon the heir"
2286 - I read to Muhammad b. 'Abd Allah b. 'Abd al-Hakam, Ibn Wahb informed us, al-Layth b. Sa'd informed me, from Khalid b. Yazid, that Zayd b. Aslam said regarding the statement of Allah: "And upon the heir [is the like of that]," he said: He is the guardian of the deceased.
2287 - Abu Sa'id al-Ashajj narrated to us, Abu 'Abd al-Rahman al-Harithi narrated to us, from al-Hajjaj, from Ibrahim, al-Sha'bi, and 'Ata', regarding "And upon the heir [is the like of that]," they said: The heir of the child is to provide for his maintenance.
His saying: "And upon the heir [is the like of that]"
[The First Aspect]
2288 - al-Hasan b. Abi al-Rabi' narrated to us, 'Abd al-Razzaq informed us, Ibn Jurayj informed us, that 'Amr b. Shu'ayb informed him that Sa'id b. al-Musayyib informed him that 'Umar b. al-Khattab said regarding His saying: "And upon the heir [is the like of that]," he said: It is like the 'aqilah (those who bear the blood money) when a cousin is in need of maintenance, he said: Even if they must be held responsible for his maintenance."
(1). Al-Tafsir 1/108.
٢٢٨٤ - حَدَّثَنَا عِصَامُ بْنُ رَوَّادٍ، ثنا آدَمُ، ثنا اللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ عَقِيلِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ الزُّهْرِيِّ، يَعْنِي قَوْلَهُ: وَلا مَوْلُودٌ لَهُ بِوَلَدِهِ قَالَ: لَيْسَ لِلْمَوْلُودِ لَهُ يَعْنِي قَوْلَهُ: الْوَالِدَ، أَنْ يَنْتَزِعَ وَلَدَهُ مِنْ أُمِّهِ ضِرَارًا لَهَا، وَهِيَ تَقْبَلُ مِنَ الأَجْرِ مَا يَرْضَى بِهِ غَيْرُهَا.
وَالْوَجْهُ الثَّالِثُ:
٢٢٨٥ - حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ، ثنا مُوسَى بْنُ مُحَلِّمٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ الْكَبِيرِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ الْحَنَفِيُّ، ثنا عَبَّادُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ الْحَسَنَ عَنْ قَوْلِهِ: وَلا مَوْلُودٌ لَهُ بِوَلَدِهِ قَالَ: لَيْسَ لِلْوَالِدِ أَنْ يُضَارَّ بِوَلَدِهِ وَالِدَتَهُ فَيَأْمُرُهَا أَنْ تَفْطِمَهُ، قَبْلَ تَمَامِ رَضَاعَهِ حَوْلَيْنِ كَامِلَيْنِ، كَمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى، وَهِيَ تُرِيدُ أَنْ تُتِمَّ رَضَاعَهُ، وَلَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَنْتَزِعَ وَلَدَهُ مِنْ أُمِّهِ ضِرَارًا لَهَا، وَيَسْتَرْضِعَ لَهُ غَيْرَهَا، عَلَى كُرْهٍ مِنْهَا، وَهِيَ تُرِيدُ رَضَاعَهُ، وَهِيَ أَشْفَقُ عَلَى وَلَدِهَا وَأَحْسَنُ لَهُ غِذَاءً.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: وَعَلَى الْوَارِثِ
٢٢٨٦ - قَرَأْتُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، أبنا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي اللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، أَنَّ زَيْدَ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ قَالَ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: وَعَلَى الْوَارِثِ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ قَالَ: هُوَ وَلِيُّ الْمَيِّتِ.
٢٢٨٧ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الأَشَجُّ، ثنا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْحَارِثِيُّ، عَنِ الْحَجَّاجِ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَالشَّعْبِيِّ وَعَطَاءٍ وَعَلَى الْوَارِثِ مثل ذلك قَالُوا: وَارِثُ الصَّبِيِّ يُنْفِقُ عَلَيْهِ.
قَوْلُهُ: وَعَلَى الوارث مثل ذلك
[الوجه الأول]
٢٢٨٨ - حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ أَبِي الرَّبِيعِ، أبنا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ «١» أبنا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ أَنَّ عَمْرَو بْنَ شُعَيْبٍ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ سَعِيدَ بْنَ الْمُسَيِّبِ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ فِي قَوْلِهِ: وَعَلَى الْوَارِثِ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ قَالَ: وَقْفُ بَنِي عَمٍّ عَلَى مَنْفُوسِ ابْنِ عَمِّ كَلالَةٍ بِالنَّفَقَةِ عَلَيْهِ. مِثْلُ الْعَاقِلَةِ، فَقَالُوا: لَا مَالَ لَهُ. فَقَالَ وَلَوْ يُوقِفُهُمْ بِالنَّفَقَةِ عليه.
(١) . التفسير ١/ ١٠٨.
