2316 - I read to Muhammad b. al-Fadl, Muhammad b. Muzahim reported to us, Bukayr b. Ma'ruf narrated to us, from Muqatil, regarding "And those who are taken in death among you and leave wives behind, they shall wait for themselves four months and ten [days]" from the day the husband dies, whether he was absent or present.
His saying: "And ten [days]"
2317 - My father narrated to us, Hisham b. 'Ammar and Mahmud b. Khalid narrated to us, saying: al-Walid b. Muslim narrated to us, al-Awza'i narrated to us, he said: I heard Rabi'ah and Yahya b. Sa'id saying regarding His saying: "They shall wait for themselves four months and ten [days]"—ten nights, because of the saying of Allah: "And ten." And Allah did not say: "ten complete [days]," so they are ten nights with their days.
2318 - Kathir b. Shihab narrated to us, Muhammad b. Sa'id b. Sabiq narrated to us, Abu Ja'far narrated to us, from al-Rabi', from Abu al-'Aliyah, regarding His saying: "And those who are taken in death among you and leave wives behind, they shall wait for themselves four months and ten [days]"—I asked: Why are these ten [days] added to the four months? He said: Because the soul is breathed into [the fetus] during the ten. It is narrated from Sa'id b. al-Musayyib and Sa'id b. Jubayr similarly.
His saying: "And when they have fulfilled their term"
2319 - Abu Sa'id al-Ashajj narrated to us, al-Muharibi narrated to us, Juwaybir narrated to us, from al-Dahhak: "And when they have fulfilled their term"—he says: When her waiting period has ended. It is narrated from Muqatil b. Hayyan that he said: When four months and ten days have passed. And al-Rabi' b. Anas said: When the waiting period has elapsed.
His saying: "There is no blame upon you"
2320 - My father narrated to us, Abu Salih narrated to us, al-Layth narrated to me, from 'Aqil, from Ibn Shihab, regarding the saying of Allah: "And when they have fulfilled their term, there is no blame upon you"—there is no blame upon her guardians regarding what they do with themselves in a recognized, honorable manner.
His saying: "Regarding what they do with themselves in a recognized, honorable manner. And Allah is, with what you do, Acquainted"
[The First Aspect]
2321 - My father narrated to us, Abu Salih narrated to us, Mu'awiyah b. Salih narrated to me, from 'Ali b. Abi Talhah, from Ibn 'Abbas, regarding His saying: "And when they have fulfilled their term, there is no blame upon you regarding what they do with themselves in a recognized, honorable manner"—he says: When a woman is divorced or her husband has died, then once her waiting period has elapsed, there is no blame upon her if she adorns herself, makes herself beautiful, and makes herself available for marriage, for that is the "recognized, honorable manner."
٢٣١٦ - قَرَأْتُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ، أبنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُزَاحِمٍ، ثنا بُكَيْرُ بْنُ مَعْرُوفٍ عَنْ مُقَاتِلٍ وَالَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوْنَ مِنْكُمْ وَيَذَرُونَ أَزْوَاجًا يَتَرَبَّصْنَ بِأَنْفُسِهِنَّ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا مِنْ يَوْمِ يَمُوتُ الزَّوْجُ، إِنْ كَانَ غَائِبًا أَوْ شَاهِدًا.
قوله: وَعَشْرًا
٢٣١٧ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ثنا هِشَامُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ وَمَحْمُودُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ قَالا: ثنا الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ، ثنا الأَوْزَاعِيُّ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَبِيعَةَ ويحيى ابن سَعِيدٍ يَقُولَانِ فِي قَوْلِهِ:
يَتَرَبَّصْنَ بِأَنْفُسِهِنَّ أَرْبَعَةَ أشهر وعشرا عشر ليالي، لقول الله: وعشرا وما قال الله: عشرة كَامِلَةٌ، فَهِيَ عَشْرُ لَيَالٍ بِأَيَّامِهِنَّ.
٢٣١٨ - حَدَّثَنَا كَثِيرُ بْنُ شِهَابٍ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ سَابِقٍ، ثنا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ عَنْ أَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ، فِي قَوْلِهِ: وَالَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوْنَ مِنْكُمْ وَيَذَرُونَ أَزْوَاجًا يَتَرَبَّصْنَ بِأَنْفُسِهِنَّ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا قُلْتُ: لِمَ صَارَتْ هَذِهِ الْعَشْرُ مَعَ الأَشْهُرِ الأَرْبَعَةِ؟ قَالَ:
لأَنَّهُ يُنْفَخُ فِيهِ الرُّوحُ فِي الْعَشْرَةِ.
وَرُوِيَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، نَحْوُ ذَلِكَ.
قَوْلُهُ: فَإِذَا بَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ
٢٣١٩ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الأَشَجُّ، ثنا الْمُحَارِبِيُّ، ثنا جُوَيْبِرٌ، عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ فَإِذَا بَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ يَقُولُ: إِذَا انْقَضَتْ عِدَّتُهَا.
وَرُوِيَ عَنْ مُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ:
إِذَا مَضَتْ أَرْبَعَةُ أشهر وعشرا.
وَقَالَ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ: إِذَا انْقَضَتِ الْعِدَّةُ.
قوله: فَلا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ
٢٣٢٠ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ثنا أَبُو صَالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيْثٌ، عَنْ عَقِيلٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: فَإِذَا بَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فلا جناح على أو ليائها، فِيمَا فَعَلْنَ فِي أَنْفُسِهِنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: فِيمَا فَعَلْنَ فِي أَنفُسِهِنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَاللهُ بِمَا تعملون خبير
[الوجه الأول]
٢٣٢١ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ثنا أَبُو صَالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِي مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَوْلُهُ: فَإِذَا بَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِيمَا فَعَلْنَ فِي أَنْفُسِهِنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ يَقُولُ: إِذَا طُلِّقَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ، أَوْ مَاتَ عَنْهَا، فَإِذَا انْقَضَتْ عِدَّتُهَا، فَلا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهَا أَنْ تَتَزَيَّنَ وَتَتَصَنَّعَ وَتَتَعَرَّضَ لِلتَّزْويجِ، فَذَلِكَ: الْمَعْرُوفُ.
