2363 - I read to Muhammad b. al-Fadl, Muhammad b. 'Ali b. al-Hasan b. Shaqiq reported to us, Muhammad b. Muzahim informed us, from Bukayr, from Muqatil, regarding "And that you forgo is closer to righteousness," he said: He means by that the husband and the wife together; He commanded them to vie with one another in forgoing, and in that there is virtue.
2364 - My father narrated to us, Hafs b. 'Umar al-Duri reported to us, Abu Isma'il al-Mu'addib reported to us from 'Asim al-Ahwal, from Abu al-'Aliyah Ziyad b. Fayruz, from Talq b. Habib, that Bakr b. 'Abd Allah said to him: Will you not summarize righteousness for us in a few words that you narrate? So Talq said: Righteousness is that you act in obedience to Allah, hoping for the mercy of Allah, upon a light from Allah. And righteousness is that you leave the disobedience of Allah, fearing the punishment of Allah, upon a light from Allah.
His saying: The Exalted, "And do not forget graciousness between you; indeed, Allah is Seeing of whatever you do."
[The First Aspect]
2365 - Ahmad b. Sinan al-Wasiti narrated to us, Yazid b. Harun reported to us, Hushaym informed us from Salih b. Rustum, from a man from Banu Tamim, from 'Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) who said: A biting time will soon come upon the people, in which the wealthy one will bite down on what is in his hand and forget graciousness, and Allah has forbidden that. Allah the Exalted said: "And do not forget graciousness between you."
[The Second Aspect]
2366 - Hajjaj b. Hamzah narrated to us, Shababah reported to us, Warqa' reported to us, from Ibn Abi Najih, from Mujahid, regarding his saying: "And do not forget graciousness between you," [it means] the man's full payment of the dowry and the woman's leaving half of it. It was reported from al-Dahhak, Muqatil b. Hayyan, and al-Rabi' b. Anas the like of that.
[The Third Aspect]
2367 - Abu Sa'id al-Ashajj narrated to us, Abu Usamah reported to us, from al-Zibriqan, from Abu Wa'il, regarding his saying: "And do not forget graciousness between you," he said: It is the man who marries and is assisted, or the mukatab (indentured slave) and he is assisted, and things similar to this in terms of giving.
2368 - Musa b. Harun al-Tusi informed us, in what he wrote to me, al-Husayn b. Muhammad al-Marrudhi reported to us, Shayban reported to us, from Qatadah, regarding his saying: "And do not forget graciousness between you," he said: He encourages them toward graciousness and kindness and makes them desire it. It was reported from al-Suddi the like of that.
٢٣٦٣ - قَرَأْتُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ شَقِيقٍ أبنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُزَاحِمٍ، عَنْ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنْ مُقَاتِلٍ وَأَنْ تَعْفُوا أَقْرَبُ لِلتَّقْوَى يَعْنِي بِذَلِكَ الزَّوْجَ وَالْمَرْأَةَ جَمِيعًا، أَمْرَهُمَا أَنْ يَسْتَبِقَا فِي الْعَفْوِ وَفِيهِ الْفَضْلُ.
٢٣٦٤ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ثنا حَفْصُ بْنُ عُمَرَ الدُّورِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْمُؤَدِّبُ عَنْ عَاصِمٍ الأَحْوَلِ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ زِيَادِ بْنِ فَيْرُوزَ، عَنْ طَلْقِ بْنِ حَبِيبٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ لَهُ بَكْرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: أَلا تَجْمَعُ لَنَا التَّقْوَى فِي كَلامٍ يَسِيرٍ تَرْوِيهِ؟ فَقَالَ طَلْقٌ: التَّقْوَى: أَنْ تَعْمَلَ بِطَاعَةِ اللَّهِ رَجَاءَ رَحْمَةِ اللَّهِ، عَلَى نُورٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ. وَالتَّقْوَى: أَنْ تَتْرُكَ مَعْصِيَةَ اللَّهِ مَخَافَةَ عَذَابَ اللَّهِ، عَلَى نُورٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: وَلا تَنْسَوُا الْفَضْلَ بَيْنَكُمْ إِنَّ الله بما تعملون بصير
[الوجه الأول]
٢٣٦٥ - حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سِنَانٍ الْوَاسِطِيُّ، ثنا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ أبنا هُشَيْمٌ عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ رُسْتُمَ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ بَنِي تَمِيمٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: يُوشَكُ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ عَلَى النَّاسِ زَمَانٌ عَضُوضٌ، يَعَضُّ الْمُوسِرُ فِيهِ، عَلَى مَا فِي يَدِهِ، وَيَنْسَى الْفَضْلَ، وَقَدْ نَهَى اللَّهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى وَلا تَنْسَوُا الْفَضْلَ بَيْنَكُمْ
الْوَجْهُ الثَّانِي:
٢٣٦٦ - حَدَّثَنَا حَجَّاجُ بْنُ حَمْزَةَ، ثنا شَبَابَةُ، ثنا وَرْقَاءُ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، قَوْلُهُ: وَلا تَنْسَوُا الْفَضْلَ بَيْنَكُمْ إِتْمَامُ الرَّجُلِ الصَّدَاقَ وَتَرْكُ الْمَرْأَةِ شَطْرَهَا وَرُوِيَ عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ وَمُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ وَالرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ نَحْوُ ذَلِكَ.
وَالْوَجْهُ الثَّالِثُ:
٢٣٦٧ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الأَشَجُّ، ثنا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ، عَنِ الزِّبْرِقَانِ، عَنْ أَبِي وَائِلٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ: وَلا تَنْسَوُا الْفَضْلَ بَيْنَكُمْ قَالَ: هُوَ الرَّجُلُ يَتَزَوَّجُ فَيُعِينُهُ أَوِ الْمُكَاتَبُ فَيُعِينُهُ وَأَشْبَاهُ هَذَا مِنَ الْعَطِيَّةِ.
٢٣٦٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ هَارُونَ الطُّوسِيُّ، فِيمَا كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ ثنا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمَرُّوذِيُّ، ثنا شَيْبَانُ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، قَوْلُهُ: وَلا تَنْسَوُا الْفَضْلَ بَيْنَكُمْ قَالَ: يَحُثُّهُمْ عَلَى الْفَضْلِ وَالْمَعْرُوفِ وَيُرَغِّبُهُمْ فِيهِ وَرُوِيَ عَنِ السُّدِّيِّ، نَحْوُ ذَلِكَ.
