His saying, the Exalted: "And He forgives what is besides that to whom He wills."
5424 - My father narrated to us, al-Mu'ammal ibn al-Fadl al-Harrani narrated to us, 'Isa ibn Yunus narrated to us (H), and Hashim ibn al-Qasim al-Harrani informed us in what he wrote to me, 'Isa ibn Yunus himself narrated to us, from Wasil ibn al-Sa'ib al-Raqashi, from Abu Surah, the nephew of Abu Ayyub, from Abu Ayyub al-Ansari, who said: A man came to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and said: "I have a nephew who does not desist from forbidden things." He said: "What is his religion?" He said: "He prays and professes the oneness of Allah (tawhid)." He said: "Ask him to gift his religion to you, and if he refuses, then buy it from him." The man sought that from him, but he refused him. He came to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and informed him, so he said: "You found him stingy regarding his religion." He said: And there was revealed: "Indeed, Allah does not forgive that anything should be associated with Him, but He forgives what is besides that to whom He wills."
5425 - My father narrated to us, al-Hasan ibn 'Amr ibn Khallad al-Harrani narrated to us, Mansur ibn Isma'il al-Qurashi narrated to us, Musa ibn 'Ubaydah al-Rabadhi narrated to us, 'Abd Allah ibn 'Ubaydah informed me, from Jabir ibn 'Abd Allah, who said: The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: "There is no soul that dies not associating anything with Allah but that forgiveness is made lawful for it; if Allah wills, He will punish it, and if Allah wills, He will forgive it. Indeed, Allah does not forgive that anything should be associated with Him, but He forgives what is besides that to whom He wills."
5426 - Bahr ibn Nasr al-Khawlani narrated to us, Khalid—meaning: Ibn 'Abd al-Rahman al-Khurasani—narrated to us, al-Haytham ibn Jammar narrated to us, from Salam ibn Abi Muti', from Bakr ibn 'Abd Allah al-Muzani, from Ibn 'Umar, who said: We, the Companions of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, used to have no doubt concerning the killer of a believer, the consumer of an orphan's wealth, the false accusation of chaste women, and false testimony, until this verse was revealed: "Indeed, Allah does not forgive that anything should be associated with Him, but He forgives what is besides that to whom He wills." So the Companions of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, refrained from bearing witness.
5427 - My father narrated to us, Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr al-Muqaddami narrated to us, Miskin Abu Fatimah narrated to us, Ghalib al-Qattan narrated to us, who said: I heard Bakr ibn 'Abd Allah saying: "Indeed, Allah does not forgive that anything should be associated with Him, but He forgives what is besides that to whom He wills." He said: "We have clarified [this] from our Lord over the entire Qur'an."
5429 - Abu Zur'ah narrated to us, 'Abd Allah ibn 'Amr al-Dimashqi al-Nasri narrated to us, Muhammad ibn Bakkar narrated to us, Sa'id ibn Bashir narrated to us, from Qatadah, from al-Hasan, from 'Imran ibn Husayn, that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: "Shall I not inform you of the greatest of the major sins? Associating partners with Allah. And whoever associates partners with Allah has indeed fabricated a great sin."
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: وَيَغْفِرُ مَا دُونَ ذَلِكَ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ
٥٤٢٤ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، ثنا الْمُؤَمَّلُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْحَرَّانِيُّ، ثنا عِيسَى بْنُ يُونُسَ (ح) وَأَخْبَرَنَا هَاشِمُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ الْحَرَّانِيُّ فِيمَا كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ، ثنا عِيسَى بْنُ يُونُسَ نَفْسُهُ، عَنْ وَاصِلِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ الرَّقَاشِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سُورَةَ ابْنِ أَخِي أَبِي أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ الأَنْصَارِيِّ قَالَ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ لِي ابْنَ أَخٍ لَا يَنْتَهِي عَنِ الْحَرَامِ، قَالَ: وَمَا دِينُهُ؟ قَالَ: يُصَلِّي وَيُوَحِّدُ اللَّهَ. قَالَ: اسْتَوْهِبْ مِنْهُ دِينَهُ، فَإِنْ أَبَى فَابْتَاعْهُ مِنْهُ، فَطَلَبَ الرَّجُلُ ذَاكَ مِنْهُ فَأَبَى عَلَيْهِ، فَأَتَى النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَأَخْبَرَهُ، فَقَالَ: وَجَدْتُهُ شَحِيحاً عَلَى دِينِهِ، قَالَ: وَنَزَلَتْ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَغْفِرُ أَنْ يُشْرَكَ بِهِ وَيَغْفِرُ مَا دُونَ ذَلِكَ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ.
٥٤٢٥ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ خَلادٍ الْحَرَّانِيُّ، ثنا مَنْصُورُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْقُرَشِيُّ، ثنا مُوسَى بْنُ عُبَيْدَةَ الرَّبَذِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُبَيْدَةَ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: مَا مِنْ نَفْسٍ تَمُوتُ لَا تُشْرِكُ بِاللَّهِ شَيْئاً إِلا حَلَّتْ لَهَا الْمَغْفِرَةُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ عَذَّبَهَا، وَإِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ غَفَرَ لَهَا، إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَغْفِرُ أَنْ يُشْرَكَ بِهِ وَيَغْفِرُ مَا دُونَ ذَلِكَ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ.
٥٤٢٦ - حَدَّثَنَا بَحْرُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ الْخَوْلَانِيُّ، ثنا خَالِدٌ يعني: بن عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْخُرَاسَانِيَّ، ثنا الْهَيْثَمُ بْنُ جَمَّار، عَنْ سَلامِ بْنِ أَبِي مُطِيعٍ، عَنْ بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْمُزَنِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: قَالَ: كُنَّا أَصْحَابَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَا نَشُكُّ فِي قَاتِلِ الْمُؤْمِنِ وَآكِلِ مَالَ الْيَتِيمِ، وَقَذْفِ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ، وَشَهَادَةِ الزُّورِ حَتَّى نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الآيَةُ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَغْفِرُ أَنْ يُشْرَكَ بِهِ وَيَغْفِرُ مَا دُونَ ذَلِكَ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ فَأَمْسَكَ أَصْحَابُ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنِ الشَّهَادَةِ.
٥٤٢٧ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الْمُقَدَّمِيُّ، ثنا مِسْكِينٌ أَبُو فَاطِمَةَ، ثنا غَالِبٌ الْقَطَّانُ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ بَكْرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ يَقُول: إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَغْفِرُ أَنْ يُشْرَكَ بِهِ وَيَغْفِرُ مَا دُونَ ذَلِكَ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ قَالَ: تَبَيَّنَّا مِنْ رَبِّنَا عَلَى جَمِيعِ الْقُرْآنِ.
٥٤٢٩ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو زُرْعَةَ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَمْرٍو الدِّمَشْقِيُّ النَّصْرِيُّ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكَّارٍ، ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ بَشِيرٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ أَن رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: أَلا أُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِأَكْبَرِ الْكَبَائِرِ، الإِشْرَاكُ بِاللَّهِ وَمَنْ يُشْرِكْ بِاللَّهِ فَقَدِ افْتَرَى إثما عظيما.
