4035 - Musa ibn Harun al-Tusi informed us in what he wrote to me, al-Husayn ibn Muhammad al-Marwudhi narrated to us, Shayban ibn 'Abd al-Rahman narrated to us, from Qatadah, regarding His saying: "O you who have believed, do not take as intimates those other than yourselves," he said: Allah the Exalted forbade the believers from admitting the hypocrites, from taking them as brothers, and from taking them as allies to the exclusion of the believers.
It is also narrated from al-Hasan, al-Suddi, al-Rabi' ibn Anas, and Muqatil ibn Hayyan that they said: They are the hypocrites.
The third interpretation:
4036 - My father narrated to us, Ibn al-Tabba' narrated to us, Hushaym narrated to us, from al-'Awwam ibn Hawshab, from al-Azhar ibn Rashid, from Anas ibn Malik, regarding His saying: "O you who have believed, do not take as intimates those other than yourselves," he says: Do not consult the polytheists in any of your affairs.
The fourth interpretation:
4037 - Muhammad ibn Yahya narrated to us, Abu Ghassan informed us, Salamah narrated to us, he said: Muhammad ibn Ishaq said: Muhammad ibn Abi Muhammad said: There were men among the Muslims who maintained relations with men from the Jews because of the neighborhood and alliances they had in the pre-Islamic period. So Allah the Exalted revealed concerning them, forbidding them from taking them as intimates, fearing for them the trials they might cause them: "O you who have believed, do not take as intimates those other than yourselves."
The fifth interpretation:
4038 - My father narrated to us, Ayyub ibn Muhammad al-Wazzan narrated to me, 'Isa ibn Yunus narrated to us, from Abu Hayyan al-Taymi, from Abu al-Zinba', from Abu Dihqanah, he said: It was said to 'Umar ibn al-Khattab: There is a youth here from the people of al-Hirah who is a memorizer and a scribe; if only you would take him as a scribe. He said: Then I would have taken an intimate other than the believers.
His saying, the Exalted: "They will not spare you any trouble"
4039 - I read to Muhammad ibn al-Fadl, Muhammad ibn 'Ali narrated to us, Muhammad ibn Muzahim informed us, from Bukayr ibn Ma'ruf, from Muqatil ibn Hayyan, regarding His saying: "They will not spare you any trouble," he says: They will misguide you just as they have been misguided. So He forbade them from admitting the hypocrites to the exclusion of the believers, or from taking them as allies.
His saying, the Exalted: "They have wished for what causes you distress"
4040 - Ahmad ibn 'Uthman ibn Hakim al-Awdi narrated to us, Ahmad ibn al-Mufaddal narrated to us, Asbat narrated to us, from al-Suddi regarding "They have wished for what causes you distress," he said: "What causes you distress" means: what causes you to go astray.
٤٠٣٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ هَارُونَ الطُّوسِيُّ فِيمَا كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ، ثنا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمَرُّوذِيُّ، ثنا شَيْبَانُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ قَوْلُهُ: يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينُ آمَنُوا لَا تَتَّخِذُوا بِطَانَةً مِنْ دُونِكُمْ قَالَ: نَهَى اللَّهُ تَعَالَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَنْ يَسْتَدْخِلُوا الْمُنَافِقِينَ، وَأَنْ يُؤَاخُوهُمْ وَأَنْ يَتَوَلَّوْهُمْ دُونَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ.
وَرُوِيَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ وَالسُّدِّيِّ وَالرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ وَمُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ قَالُوا: الْمُنَافِقُونَ.
وَالْوَجْهُ الثَّالِثُ:
٤٠٣٦ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، ثنا ابْنُ الطَّبَّاعِ، ثنا هُشَيْمٌ عَنِ الْعَوَّامِ بْنِ حَوْشَبٍ، عَنِ الأزهار بْنِ رَاشِدٍ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَتَّخِذُوا بِطَانَةً مِنْ دُونِكُمْ يَقُولُ: لَا تَسْتَشِيرُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ أُمُورِكُمْ.
وَالْوَجْهُ الرَّابِعُ:
٤٠٣٧ - حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى أَنْبَأَ أَبُو غَسَّانَ، ثنا سَلَمَةُ قَالَ: قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ: وَكَانَ رِجَالٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ يُوَاصِلُونَ رِجَالا مِنْ يَهُودَ لِمَا كَانَ بَيْنَهُمْ مِنَ الْجِوَارِ وَالْحِلْفِ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِيهِمْ يَنْهَاهُمْ عَنْ مُبَاطَنَتِهِمْ تَخَوُّفَ الْفِتْنَةِ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْهُمْ: يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَتَّخِذُوا بِطَانَةً مِنْ دُونِكُمْ
وَالْوَجْهُ الْخَامِسُ:
٤٠٣٨ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، حَدَّثَنِي أَيُّوبُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْوَزَّانُ، ثنا عِيسَى بْنُ يُونُسَ، عَنْ أَبِي حَيَّانَ التَّيْمِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنْبَاعِ، عَنْ أَبِي دُهْقَانَةَ قَالَ: قِيلَ لِعُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ أَنَّ هَاهُنَا غُلاماً مِنْ أَهْلِ الْحِيرَةِ حَافِظاً كَاتِباً فَلَوَ اتَّخَذْتَهُ كَاتِباً قَالَ: قَدِ اتَّخَذْتُ إِذَاً بِطَانَةً مِنْ دُونِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: لا يَأْلُونَكُمْ خَبَالا
٤٠٣٩ - قَرَأْتُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، أَنْبَأَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُزَاحِمٍ عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ مَعْرُوفٍ عَنْ مُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ قَوْلَهُ: لا يَأْلُونَكُمْ خَبَالا يَقُولُ: يُضِلُّونَكُمْ كَمَا ضَلُّوا فَنَهَاهُمْ أَنْ يَسْتَدْخِلُوا، الْمُنَافِقِينَ دُونَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، أَوْ يَتَّخِذُوهُمْ أَوْلِيَاءَ.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: وَدُّوا مَا عَنِتُّمْ
٤٠٤٠ - حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ حَكِيمٍ الأَوْدِيُّ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْمُفَضَّلِ، ثنا أَسْبَاطٌ، عَنِ السُّدِّيِّ وَدُّوا مَا عَنِتُّمْ قَالَ: مَا عنتم: ما ظللتم.
