His saying, the Exalted: "And if you had been rude and harsh of heart."
4409 - My father narrated to us, Ahmad ibn 'Abd al-Rahman narrated to us, 'Abd Allah ibn Abi Ja'far narrated to us, from his father, from al-Rabi' regarding His saying: "And if you had been rude and harsh of heart, they would have disbanded from about you," meaning: Allah has purified him from rudeness and harshness, and made him merciful, accessible, and compassionate to the believers. The same was narrated from Qatadah.
His saying, the Exalted: "They would have disbanded from about you."
4410 - Muhammad ibn al-'Abbas narrated to us, Muhammad ibn 'Amr narrated to us, Salamah narrated to us, who said: Muhammad ibn Ishaq said: "They would have disbanded from about you," meaning: they would have left you.
His saying, the Exalted: "So pardon them."
4411 - And by the same chain, Muhammad ibn Ishaq said: "So pardon them," meaning: overlook them.
His saying, the Exalted: "And ask forgiveness for them."
4412 - And by the same chain, Muhammad ibn Ishaq said: "And ask forgiveness for them," meaning: ask for their sins to be forgiven.
His saying, the Exalted: "And consult them in the matter."
[The First Aspect]
4413 - Yunus ibn 'Abd al-A'la narrated to us by way of reading, Ibn Wahb informed us, who said: I heard Sufyan ibn 'Uyaynah narrating from Ma'mar, from Ibn Shihab, from Abu Hurayrah, who said: I have never seen anyone who consulted his companions more than the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.
4414 - My father narrated to us, 'Abd Allah ibn Raja' narrated to us, 'Imran al-Qattan informed us, from al-Hasan regarding His saying: "And consult them in the matter," he said: By Allah, he was never consulted except that Allah decreed for them the right course and what is beneficial.
4415 - Abu Sa'id narrated to us, Waki' narrated to us, from Sufyan, from a man, from al-Dahhak, regarding His saying: "And consult them in the matter," he said: Allah did not command His Prophet to consult except for the merit He knew to be in it.
4416 - My father narrated to us, Ibn Abi 'Umar narrated to us, Sufyan narrated to us, from Ibn Shubruma, from al-Hasan regarding His saying: "And consult them in the matter," he said: He knew that he had no need of them—and sometimes he would say: He had no need of them—but He wanted it to be an established practice for those after him.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: وَلَوْ كُنْتَ فَظّاً غَلِيظَ الْقَلْبِ
٤٤٠٩ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ قَوْلَهُ: وَلَوْ كُنْتَ فَظّاً غَلِيظَ الْقَلْبِ لانْفَضُّوا مِنْ حَوْلِكَ أَيْ: وَاللَّهُ قَدْ طَهَّرَهُ مِنَ الْفَظَاظَةِ وَالْغِلْظَةِ، وَجَعَلَهُ رَحِيماً قَرِيباً رَؤُوفاً بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ. وَرُوِيَ عَنِ قَتَادَةَ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: لانْفَضُّوا مِنْ حَوْلِكَ
٤٤١٠ - حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، ثنا سَلَمَةُ قَالَ محمد ابن إِسْحَاقَ: لانْفَضُّوا مِنْ حَوْلِكَ أَيْ لَتَرَكُوكَ.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: فَاعْفُ عَنْهُمْ
٤٤١١ - وَبِهِ قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: فَاعْفُ عَنْهُمْ أَيْ: تَجَاوَزْ عَنْهُمْ.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: وَاسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ
٤٤١٢ - وَبِهِ قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: وَاسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ أَيِ اسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ ذُنُوبَهُمْ.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: وَشَاوِرْهُمْ في الأمر
[الوجه الأول]
٤٤١٣ - حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الأَعْلَى قِرَاءَةً، أَنْبَأَ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ سُفْيَانَ بْنَ عُيَيْنَةَ يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: مَا رَأَيْتُ أَحَداً أَكْثَرَ مَشُورَةً لأَصْحَابِهِ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ.
٤٤١٤ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، ثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ رَجَاءٍ، أَنْبَأَ عِمْرَانُ الْقَطَّانُ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ فِي قَوْلِهِ: وَشَاوِرْهُمْ فِي الأَمْرِ قَالَ: وَاللَّهِ مَا تُشَاوَرَ قَطُّ إِلا عَزَمَ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ بِالرُّشْدِ وَالَّذِي يَنْفَعُ.
٤٤١٥ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، ثنا وَكِيعٌ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنْ الضَّحَّاكِ، فِي قَوْلِهِ: وَشَاوِرْهُمْ فِي الأَمْرِ قَالَ: مَا أَمَرَ اللَّهُ نَبِيَّهُ بِالْمَشُورَةِ إِلا لِمَا يَعْلَمُ فِيهَا مِنَ الْفَضْلِ.
٤٤١٦ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، ثنا ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ شُبْرُمَةَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ فِي قَوْلِهِ: وَشَاوِرْهُمْ فِي الأَمْرِ قَالَ: قَدْ عَلِمَ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِهِ إِلَيْهِمْ حَاجَةٌ، وَرُبَّمَا قَالَ:
لَيْسَ لَهُ إِلَيْهِمْ حَاجَةٌ، وَلَكِنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَسْتَنَّ بِهِ مَنْ بَعْدَهُ.
