9112 - My father narrated to us, Abd al-Aziz ibn al-Mughirah narrated to us, Hammad ibn Salamah narrated to us, from Hisham ibn Urwah regarding the saying of Allah: "And the caravan was lower than you." Abu Sufyan was at the bottom of the valley with seventy riders, and the Quraish had mobilized, numbering nine hundred and fifty. Abu Sufyan sent [a message] to the Quraish while they were at al-Juhfah: "I have passed the people [the Muslims], so turn back." They said: "No, by Allah, we will not turn back until we reach the water of Badr."
His saying, the Almighty: "And if you had made an appointment, you would have disagreed over the appointment."
9113 - Muhammad ibn al-Abbas, the freedman of Banu Hashim, narrated to us, Muhammad ibn Amr narrated to us, Salamah narrated to us, from Muhammad ibn Ishaq who said: And Yahya ibn Abbad ibn Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr narrated to me, from his father, [regarding] "And if you had made an appointment, you would have disagreed over the appointment," meaning: If that had been by an appointment from you and from them, then the news reached you of their large numbers and your small numbers, you would not have encountered them.
His saying, the Almighty: "But [it was] so that Allah might accomplish a matter that was already ordained."
9114 - And by the same [chain] from his father, "But [it was] so that Allah might accomplish a matter that was already ordained," meaning: So that He might accomplish what He willed by His power regarding the exaltation of Islam and its people, and the humiliation of disbelief and its people, without [prior] collective agreement from you. So He did what He willed of that by His grace, glory be to Him.
9115 - My father narrated to us, al-Hasan ibn al-Rabi' narrated to us, Abd Allah ibn Idris narrated to us, from Muhammad ibn Ishaq, Yahya ibn Abbad ibn al-Zubayr narrated to me, from his father, [regarding] "But [it was] so that Allah might accomplish a matter that was already ordained," [meaning] Allah brought him [the Prophet] and those with him out for the caravan, not wanting anything other than it, and He brought the Quraish out from Makkah, not wanting anything but to defend their caravan. Then He brought the people together for war, while he [the Prophet] did not want anything but the caravan, so He said regarding that: "So that Allah might accomplish a matter that was already ordained," to distinguish between truth and falsehood, to exalt Islam and its people, and to humiliate shirk (polytheism) and its people.
His saying, the Almighty: "So that those who perished [in disbelief] might perish upon evidence, and those who lived [in faith] might live upon evidence."
9116 - Muhammad ibn al-Abbas narrated to us, Muhammad ibn Amr narrated to us, Salamah narrated to us, from Ibn Ishaq, and Yahya ibn Abbad ibn Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr narrated to me, from his father, [regarding] "So that those who perished might perish upon evidence, and those who lived might live upon evidence. And indeed, Allah is Hearing, Knowing," meaning: So that he who disbelieves may disbelieve after the clear proof, because of what he has seen of the signs and lessons, and he who believes may believe upon the like of that.
٩١١٢ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ثنا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ الْمُغِيرَةِ ثنا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: وَالرَّكْبُ أَسْفَلَ مِنْكُمْ وَكَانَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ أَسْفَلَ الْوَادِي فِي سَبْعِينَ رَاكِبًا، وَنَفَرَتْ قُرَيْشٌ وَكَانُوا تِسْعَمِائَةٍ وَخَمْسِينَ، فَبَعَثَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ إِلَى قُرَيْشٍ وَهُمْ بِالْجُحْفَةِ: إِنِّي قَدْ جَاوَزْتُ الْقَوْمَ فَارْجِعُوا، قَالُوا: لَا وَاللَّهِ لَا نَرْجِعُ حَتَّى نَأْتِيَ مَاءَ بَدْرٍ
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: وَلَوْ تَوَاعَدْتُمْ لاخْتَلَفْتُمْ فِي الْمِيعَادِ
٩١١٣ - حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ مَوْلَى بَنِي هَاشِمٍ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو ثنا سَلَمَةُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبَّادِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ ولو تواعدتم لاختلفتم في الميعاد أَيْ وَلَوْ كَانَ ذَلِكَ عَنْ مِيعَادٍ مِنْكُمْ وَمِنْهُمْ ثُمَّ بَلَغَكُمْ كَثْرَةُ عَدَدِهِمْ وَقِلَّةُ عَدَدِكُمْ مَا لَقِيتُمُوهُمْ.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: وَلَكِنْ لِيَقْضِيَ اللَّهُ أَمْرًا كَانَ مَفْعُولاً
٩١١٤ - وَبِهِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَلَكِنْ لِيَقْضِيَ اللَّهُ أَمْرًا كَانَ مَفْعُولاً أَيْ لِيَقْضِيَ مَا أَرَادَ بِقُدْرَتِهِ مِنْ إِعْزَازِ الإِسْلامِ وَأَهْلِهِ وَإِذْلالِ الْكُفْرِ وَأَهْلِهِ عَنْ غَيْرِ مَلإٍ مِنْكُمْ، فَفَعَلَ مَا أَرَادَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ بِلُطْفِهِ سُبْحَانَهُ.
٩١١٥ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ ثنا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى بْنُ عَبَّادِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَلَكِنْ لِيَقْضِيَ اللَّهُ أَمْرًا كَانَ مَفْعُولاً فَأَخْرَجَهُ اللَّهُ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ إِلَى الْعِيرِ لَا يُرِيدُ غَيْرَهَا، وَأَخْرَجَ قُرَيْشًا مِنْ مَكَّةَ لَا يُرِيدُونَ إِلا الدَّفْعَ عَنْ عِيرِهِمْ، ثُمَّ أَلَّفَ بَيْنَ الْقَوْمِ عَلَى الْحَرْبِ، وَكَانَ لَا يُرِيدُ إِلا الْعِيرَ فَقَالَ فِي ذَلِكَ: لِيَقْضِيَ اللَّهُ أَمْرًا كَانَ مَفْعُولاً لِيَفْصِلَ بَيْنَ الْحَقِّ وَالْبَاطِلِ وَيُعِزَّ الإِسْلامَ وَأَهْلَهُ، وَيُذِلَّ الشِّرْكَ وَأَهْلَهُ.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: لِيَهْلِكَ مَنْ هَلَكَ عَنْ بَيِّنَةٍ وَيَحْيَى مَنْ حَيَّ عَنْ بَيِّنَةٍ
٩١١٦ - حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو ثنا سَلَمَةُ عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ وَحَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبَّادِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ لِيَهْلِكَ مَنْ هَلَكَ عَنْ بَيِّنَةٍ وَيَحْيَى مَنْ حَيَّ عَنْ بَيِّنَةٍ وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَسَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ أَيْ لِيَكْفُرَ مَنْ كَفَرَ بَعْدَ الْحُجَّةِ، لِمَا رَأَى مِنَ الآيَاتِ وَالْعِبَرِ، وَيُؤْمِنَ مَنْ آمَنَ عَلَى مِثْلِ ذَلِكَ.
