captives, a great punishment." He said: Allah, the Almighty, says: If it had not preceded in My knowledge that I would make the spoils lawful, a great punishment would have touched you for what you took.
The Third Aspect:
9166 - My father narrated to us, Malik ibn Isma'il narrated to us, Sharik narrated to us, from Salim, from Sa'id ibn Jubayr regarding "If not for a decree from Allah that preceded," he said: It is the happiness that had preceded for the people of Badr.
It was narrated from al-Hasan: It had preceded for the people of Badr that He would not punish them. And it was narrated from 'Ata' the like of that.
The Fourth Aspect:
9167 - Ahmad ibn Mansur al-Marwazi narrated to us, al-Nadr ibn Isma'il narrated to us, Shu'bah informed us, he said: I heard Abu Hashim say: I heard Mujahid saying regarding "If not for a decree from Allah that preceded," he said: Forgiveness had preceded for them.
9168 - My father narrated to us, Qabisah narrated to us, Sufyan narrated to us regarding "If not for a decree from Allah that preceded," he said: A decree that made the spoils lawful for you, which preceded the forgiveness.
9169 - Abu Yazid al-Qaratisi informed us in what he wrote to me, Asbagh ibn al-Faraj narrated to us, 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Zayd ibn Aslam informed us regarding the saying of Allah "If not for a decree from Allah that preceded, a great punishment would have touched you for what you took," he said: Forgiveness and mercy from Allah had preceded for them; it preceded that He would not punish the believers, He would not punish His Messenger and those who believed with him and migrated with him, and then were victorious. There was not one of the believers who was present but loved the spoils, except 'Umar ibn al-Khattab. He would not encounter a captive but he would strike his neck, saying: O Messenger of Allah, what do we have to do with spoils? We are only a people who strive in the religion of Allah so that Allah may be worshipped. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: If we were to be punished for this matter, O 'Umar, no one would have survived it but you. Allah said: "Do not return" - do not make it lawful before I make it lawful for you.
The Fifth Aspect:
9170 - My father narrated to us, Harun ibn Muhammad ibn Bakkar narrated to us, Muhammad ibn 'Isa ibn Sumay' narrated to us, Rawh ibn al-Qasim narrated to us, Ibn Abi Najih narrated to us, from Mujahid, that he used to say: "If not for a decree from Allah that preceded" that He would not punish anyone until He makes it clear to him and gives him notice beforehand.
الأُسَارَى عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ قَالَ: يَقُولُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: لَوْلا أَنَّهُ سَبَقَ فِي عِلْمِي أَنِّي سَأُحِلُّ الْمَغَانِمَ لَمَسَّكُمْ فِيمَا أَخَذْتُمْ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ
الْوَجْهُ الثَّالِثُ:
٩١٦٦ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ثنا مَالِكُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ ثنا شَرِيكٌ عَنْ سَالِمٍ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ لَوْلا كِتَابٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ سَبَقَ قَالَ: مَا سَبَقَ لأَهْلِ بَدْرٍ مِنَ السَّعَادَةِ.
وَرُوِيَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ: سَبَقَ لأَهْلِ بَدْرٍ أَنْ لَا يُعَذِّبَهُمْ. وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ نَحْوُ ذَلِكَ.
الْوَجْهُ الرَّابِعُ:
٩١٦٧ - حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ ثنا النَّضْرُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ أَنْبَأَ شُعْبَةُ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا هَاشِمٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ مُجَاهِدًا يَقُولُ لَوْلا كِتَابٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ سَبَقَ قَالَ:
سَبَقَ لَهُمُ الْمَغْفِرَةُ.
٩١٦٨ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ثنا قَبِيصَةُ ثنا سُفْيَانُ لَوْلا كِتَابٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ سَبَقَ قَالَ:
كِتَابٌ أَحَلَّ لَكُمُ الْغَنِيمَةَ سَبَقَ الْمَغْفِرَةَ.
٩١٦٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أبو يزيد القراطيسي فيما كتاب إِلَيَّ ثنا أَصْبَغُ بْنُ الْفَرَجِ أَنْبَأَ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ فِي قول اللَّهِ: لَوْلا كِتَابٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ سَبَقَ لَمَسَّكُمْ فِيمَا أَخَذْتُمْ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ قَالَ: سَبَقَ مِنَ اللَّهِ الْعَفْوُ عَنْهُمْ وَالرَّحْمَةُ، لَهُمْ سَبَقَ أَنَّهُ لَا يُعَذِّبُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ لَا يُعَذِّبُ رَسُولَهُ وَمَنْ آمَنَ مَعَهُ وَهَاجَرَ مَعَهُ ثُمَّ نَصْرَ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَحَدٌ مِمَّنْ حَضَرَ إِلا أَحَبَّ الْغَنَائِمَ إِلا عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ، جَعَلَ لَا يَلْقَى أَسِيرًا إِلا ضَرَبَ عُنُقَهُ قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، مَا لَنَا وَلِلْغَنَائِمِ إِنَّمَا نَحْنُ قَوْمٌ نُجَاهِدُ فِي دَيْنِ اللَّهِ حَتَّى يُعْبَدَ اللَّهُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: لَوْ عُذِّبْنَا فِي هَذَا الأَمْرِ يَا عُمَرُ مَا نَجَا مِنْهُ غَيْرُكَ، قَالَ اللَّهُ: لَا تَعُودُوا لَا تَسْتَحِلُّوا قَبْلَ أَنْ أَحِلَّ لَكُمْ.
الْوَجْهُ الْخَامِسُ:
٩١٧٠ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ثنا هَارُونُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بَكَّارٍ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى بْنِ سُمَيْعٍ حَدَّثَنَا رَوْحُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ ثنا ابْنُ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ: لَوْلا كِتَابٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ سَبَقَ أَنْ لَا يُعَذِّبَ أَحَدًا حَتَّى يُبَيِّنَ لَهُ وَيَتَقَدَّمَ إِلَيْهِ.
