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حولتواصلتبرّعبيانات النشرالخصوصيةشروط الاستخدامحق الانسحابإلغاء اشتراك
المغني لابن قدامة - ت التركي
مجلد 10 · صفحة 74فصل

الترجمة · EN

the right to annul the marriage if her husband was free [prior to the emancipation].

Section: It is recommended for someone who has a male slave and a female slave who are married to each other, and [that person] intends to emancipate them, to begin with the male slave, so that the woman does not acquire an option over him, which would lead to the annulment of their marriage. Abu Dawud and al-Athram have related with their chains of narration from A'isha that she had a male slave and a female slave, and they were married, so she said to the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace): "I want to emancipate them." He said to her: "Begin with the man before the woman." It is related from Safiyya bint Abi Ubayd that she did that, and she said to the man: "I began with your emancipation so that she would not have an option over you."

Section: If an insane female slave or a minor female slave is emancipated, neither of them has an immediate option, because they lack intellect and no statement from them is considered valid. Their guardian does not possess the right to exercise the option on their behalf, because this [matter] is based on desire, and thus it does not fall under guardianship, similar to [the right of] retaliation. When the minor reaches puberty and the insane person regains her sanity, they both have the option at that time, because they have reached a state where each of them possesses legal capacity. This rule applies in the case where their husbands have a defect that warrants annulment. If their husbands have already consummated the marriage with them, the apparent meaning of al-Khiraqi’s statement is that they have no option, because the period for the option has lapsed. According to the Qadi and his companions, they do have the option, because they have no [legal] discretion, so their allowing consummation does not serve as evidence of consent, unlike the sane adult woman; furthermore, their husbands are not prevented from having relations with them.

1185 - Issue; he said: (If they belong to two different people, and one of them emancipates her, she has no option if the emancipator is insolvent.)

الحواشي

(21) Omitted from: A, B, M. (22) In B: "so it is annulled". (23) Related by Abu Dawud, in: The Chapter on two slaves who are emancipated together, does the woman have an option, from the Book of Divorce. Sunan Abi Dawud 1/518. (24) Omitted from: A, B. (25) Related by Abd al-Razzaq, in: The Chapter on a female slave who is emancipated while having a free husband, from the Book of Divorce. Al-Musannaf 7/255. And Ibn Abi Shaybah, in: The Chapter on a female slave who is emancipated and has a free husband, from the Book of Marriage. Al-Musannaf 4/210, 211. (1) In M: "without".

العربية (المصدر)

الفَسْخَ إذا كان زَوْجُها حُرًّا [قبلَ العِتْقِ] (٢١).

فصل: ويُسْتَحَبُّ لمَنْ له عَبْدٌ وأمَةٌ متَزوِّجان، فأراد عِتْقَهُما، البدايةُ بالرَّجُلِ؛ لئلَّا يَثْبُتَ للمرأةِ خِيارٌ عليه فيُفْسَخَ (٢٢) نِكاحُه. وقد رَوَى أبو داودَ (٢٣)، والأثْرَمُ، بإسْنادِهما عن عائشةَ، أنَّه كان لها غُلامٌ وجارِيةٌ، فتَزَوَّجا، فقالت للنَّبِىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: إنِّى أُرِيدُ أن أعْتِقَهُما. فقال لها: "فَابْدئِى بالرَّجُلِ قَبْلَ الْمَرْأَةِ". وعن صَفِيّةَ بنت أبى عُبَيْدٍ، أنَّها فَعَلَتْ ذلك، وقالت للرجلِ: إنِّى (٢٤) بَدَأْتُ بعَتْقِكَ لئلَّا يكونَ لها عليكَ خِيارٌ (٢٥).

فصل: إذا عَتَقَتْ المَجْنُونةُ والصغيرةُ، فلا خِيارَ لهما فى الحالِ؛ لأنَّه لا عَقْلٌ لهما، ولا قولٌ مُعْتَبَرٌ، ولا يَمْلِكُ وَلِيُّهُما الاختيارَ عنهما؛ لأنَّ هذا طريقهُ الشَّهْوةُ، فلا يَدْخُلُ تحت الوِلايةِ كالاقْتِصاصِ. فإذا بَلَغَتِ الصغيرةُ، وعَقَلَت المجنونةُ، فلهما الخِيارُ حينئذٍ؛ لكونِهِما صارَتا على صِفَةٍ لكلٍّ منهما حُكْمٌ، وهذا الحكمُ فيما لو كان بزَوْجَيْهِما عَيْبٌ يُوجِبُ الفَسْخَ، فإن كان زَوْجاهُما قد وَطِئاهُما، فظاهرُ كلامِ الْخِرَقِىِّ أنَّه لا خِيارَ لهما؛ لأنَّ مُدَّةَ الخِيارِ انقَضَتْ. وعلى قولِ القاضى وأصحابِه: لهما الخِيارُ؛ لأنَّه لا رَأْىَ لهما، فلا يكونُ تَمْكِينُهما من الوَطْءِ دَلِيلًا على الرِّضَى، بخلافِ الكبيرةِ العاقلةِ، ولا يُمْنَعُ زَوْجاهُما من وَطْئِهِما.

١١٨٥ - مسألة؛ قال: (فَإِنْ كَانَتْ لِنفْسَيْنِ، فأَعْتَقَ أحَدُهُمَا، فَلَا (١) خِيَارَ لَهَا، إِذَا كَانَ المُعْتِقُ مُعْسِرًا)

الحواشي

(٢١) سقط من: أ، ب، م.(٢٢) فى ب: "فينفسخ".(٢٣) أخرجه أبو داود، فى: باب فى المملوكين يعتقان معا هل تخير امرأته، من كتاب الطلاق. سنن أبى داود ١/ ٥١٨.(٢٤) سقط من: أ، ب.(٢٥) أخرجه عبد الرزاق، فى: باب الأمة تعتق عند الحر، من كتاب الطلاق. المصنف ٧/ ٢٥٥. وابن أبى شيبة، فى: باب فى الأمة تعتق ولها زوج حر، من كتاب النكاح. المصنف ٤/ ٢١٠، ٢١١.(١) فى م: "بلا".

السابقمجلد 10 · صفحة 74التالي
السابق10·74التالي