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حولتواصلتبرّعبيانات النشرالخصوصيةشروط الاستخدامحق الانسحابإلغاء اشتراك
المغني لابن قدامة - ت التركي
مجلد 11 · صفحة 324فصل

الترجمة · EN

According to his view, the prohibition is established, unless it becomes clear that he is a male; for one is not secure from the possibility that he is a mahram (unmarriageable relative).

Section: If milk manifests in a woman without intercourse, and she breastfeeds a child with it, it spreads the prohibition, according to the more evident of the two narrations. This is the view of Ibn Hamid, the school of Malik, al-Thawri, al-Shafi'i, Abu Thawr, the People of Opinion, and everyone whom Ibn al-Mundhir recorded [a view] from, based on the saying of the Almighty: "And your mothers who have nursed you" (44). [It is also] because it is the milk of a woman, so prohibition attaches to it, just as if it had manifested through intercourse, and because the milk of women was created (45) for the nourishment of children; even if this is rare, its genus is customary. The second narration is that it does not spread the prohibition because it is rare and not customary for the nourishment of children, thus it resembles the milk of men. The first [view] is more correct.

Section: If a man has five mothers of children (umm al-walad) from whom he has milk, and a child is nursed by each one of them once, they do not become mothers to him, but the master becomes his father. This is the view of Ibn Hamid, because he was nursed by his milk five times. There is another view: fatherhood is not established because this is a nursing that did not establish motherhood, so it did not establish fatherhood, like nursing from the milk of a man. The first is more correct, for fatherhood is established by virtue of him having nursed from his milk, not by virtue of the nurse being a mother to him. The companions of al-Shafi'i have two viewpoints like these two. And if (46) we say that fatherhood is established, the nurses are prohibited to him because he is their step-son, and they are women with whom his father has had intercourse. If a man has five daughters and they nurse a child, each one once, they do not become mothers to him. Does the man become a grandfather to him, and his children become maternal uncles and aunts (47)? There are two views: One of them is that he becomes a grandfather, and their brother becomes a maternal uncle; because there has (48) been completed for the nursing child five sucklings from the milk of his daughters or sisters, so it resembles the case where it was from one person.

الحواشي

(44) Surah al-Nisa, 23. (45) In the original: "tukhlaq" (is created). (46) In [B]: "wa in" (and if). (47) Dropped from the original. (48) Dropped from [B] and [M].

العربية (المصدر)

فعلى قولِه يثْبُتُ التَّحْريمُ، إلَّا أن يتَبَيَّنَ كَوْنُه رَجُلًا؛ لأنَّه لا يَأْمَنُ كَوْنَه مُحَرِّمًا.

فصل: وإن ثابَ لامْرأةٍ لَبَنٌ من غيرِ وَطْءٍ، فأرْضَعَتْ به طِفْلًا، نَشَرَ الحُرْمةَ، في أظْهَرِ الرِّوايتَيْنِ. وهو قولُ ابنِ حامدٍ، ومذهبُ مالكٍ، والثَّوْرِيِّ، والشافعيِّ، وأبي ثَوْرٍ، وأصْحابِ الرَّأْىِ، وكلِّ مَنْ يَحْفَظُ عنه ابنُ المُنْذِرِ؛ لقولِ اللَّه تعالى: {وَأُمَّهَاتُكُمُ اللَّاتِي أَرْضَعْنَكُمْ} (٤٤). ولأنَّه لَبَنُ امرأةٍ فتَعَلَّقَ به التَّحْريمُ، كما لو ثاب بوَطْءٍ، ولأنَّ الْبانَ النِّساءِ خُلِقَتْ (٤٥) لغِذَاءِ الأطْفالِ، وإن كان هذا نادِرًا، فجِنْسُه مُعْتادٌ. والرّواية الثانية، لا يَنْشُرُ الحُرْمَةَ؛ لأنَّه نادِرٌ، لم تَجْرِ العادةُ به لِتَغْذِيةِ الأطْفالِ، فأشْبهَ لبنَ الرِّجالِ. والأَوَّلُ أصَحُّ.

فصل: إذا كان لرجلٍ خَمْسُ أُمّهاتِ أَوْلادٍ، له منهنَّ لَبَنٌ، فارْتَضَعَ طِفْلٌ من كلِّ واحدةٍ منهنَّ رَضْعةً، لم يَصِرْنَ أُمَّهاتٍ له، وصارَ المَوْلَى أبًا له. وهذا قولُ ابنِ حامدٍ؛ لأنَّه ارْتَضَعَ من لَبَنِه خَمْسَ رَضَعاتٍ. وفيه وجهٌ آخَرُ، لا تَثْبُتُ الأُبُوَّةُ؛ لأنَّه رَضاعٌ لم يُثْبتِ الأُمُومةَ، فلم يُثْبِتِ الأُبُوَّةَ، كالارْتِضاعِ بلَبَنِ الرَّجُلِ. والأَوّلُ أصَحُّ؛ فإنَّ الأُبُوَّةَ إنَّما تَثْبُتُ لكَوْنِه رَضَعَ من لَبَنِه، لا لكَوْنِ المُرْضِعةِ أُمًّا له. ولأصْحابِ الشافعيِّ وَجْهان، كهذَيْن. وإذا (٤٦) قُلْنا بثُبُوتِ الأُيُوَّةِ، حَرُمَتْ عليه المُرْضِعاتُ؛ لأنَّه رَبِيبُهُنَّ، وهُنَّ مَوْطُوءاتُ أبِيه. وإن كان لِرَجُلٍ خَمْسُ بناتٍ، فأَرْضَعْن طِفْلًا، كلُّ واحدةٍ رَضْعةً، لم يَصِرْنَ أُمَّهاتٍ له. وهل يَصِيرُ الرجلُ جَدًّا له، وأَوْلادُه أخْوالًا له وخالاتٍ (٤٧)؟ على وَجْهَيْنِ؛ أحدهما، يَصِيرُ جَدًّا، وأخُوهُنَّ خالًا؛ لأنَّه قد (٤٨) كَمَلَ للمُرْتَضِعِ خَمْسُ رَضَعاتٍ من لَبَنِ بَناتِه أو أخَواتِه، فأشْبَهَ ما لو كان من واحدةٍ.

الحواشي

(٤٤) سورة النساء ٢٣.(٤٥) في الأصل: "تخلق".(٤٦) في ب: "وإن".(٤٧) سقط من: الأصل.(٤٨) سقط من: ب، م.

السابقمجلد 11 · صفحة 324التالي
السابق11·324التالي