it was obligatory as an expiation for the act and an erasure of its effect, thus its completion became necessary, like retaliation.
1432 - Issue: He said: (A male shall be killed for a female, and a female shall be killed for a male.)
This is the view of the general body of scholars; among them are al-Nakha'i, al-Sha'bi, al-Zuhri, Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz, Malik, the people of Medina, al-Shafi'i, Ishaq, the People of Opinion, and others. It has been narrated from Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, that he said: 'A man is killed for a woman, and his guardians are given half the blood money.' Sa'id recorded it. Something similar was narrated from Ahmad. It was related from al-Hasan and 'Ata'. It was also related from them that they held the view of the group. Perhaps those who follow the second view argue using the statement of Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, and because her blood money is half of his, so if he is killed for her, a remainder remains for him, and it is satisfied from the one who killed him. Our evidence is the words of the Almighty: "A soul for a soul," and His saying: "A free man for a free man," along with the generality of the other texts. It is established that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) killed a Jew who had crushed the head of a girl from the Ansar. Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad ibn 'Amr ibn Hazm narrated from his father, from his grandfather, that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) wrote to the people of Yemen in a letter containing the obligatory duties and the ages of livestock, and that a man is killed for a woman. It is a well-known book among the scholars, received by them with acceptance, and because they are two persons each of whom is penalized for slandering the other, so each of them is killed for the other,
(12) In B: "fawajabat" (it was obligatory). (1) Recorded by Ibn Jarir in: Tafsir Surah al-Baqarah, verse 178. Tafsir al-Tabari 2/105. (2) Surah al-Ma'idah, 45. (3) Surah al-Baqarah, 178. (4) Its verification preceded on page 448. (5) Recorded by al-Nasa'i in: The Chapter on Mentioning the Hadith of 'Amr ibn Hazm concerning Blood Money (al-'uqul), from the Book of Qasamah. al-Mujtaba 8/51, 52. And by al-Darimi in: The Chapter on Retaliation between Men and Women, from the Book of Blood Money (al-Diyat). Sunan al-Darimi 2/189, 190. And by al-Hakim in: The Book of Zakat. al-Mustadrak 1/395-397. And by al-Bayhaqi in: The Chapter on Killing a Man for a Woman, from the Book of Crimes (al-Jinayat). al-Sunan al-Kubra 8/28. (6) Thus it is in the manuscripts.
وجَبَتْ تَكْفِيرًا للفِعْلِ، ومَحْوًا لأَثَرِه، فوَجَبَ (١٢) تَكْمِيلُها، كالقِصَاصِ.
١٤٣٢ - مسألة؛ قال: (ويُقْتَلُ الذَّكَرُ بِالْأُنْثَى، والْأُنْثَى بِالذَّكَرِ)
هذا قولُ عامَّةِ أهلِ العلمِ؛ منهم النخعيُّ، والشَّعْبِيُّ، والزُّهْرِيُّ، وعمرُ بن عبد العزيزِ، ومالكٌ، وأهلُ المدينةِ، والشافعيُّ، وإسْحاقُ، وأصْحابُ الرَّأْيِ، وغيرُهمِ. ورُوِيَ عن عليٍّ، رِضِيَ اللهُ عنه، أنَّه قال: يُقْتَلُ الرجلُ بالمرأةِ، ويُعْطَى أولياؤُه نِصْفَ الدِّيَةِ. أخْرَجه سعيدٌ (١). ورُوِيَ مثلُ هذا عن أحمدَ. وحُكِيَ ذلك عن الحسنِ، وعطاءٍ. وحُكِيَ عنهما مثلُ قَوْلِ الجماعةِ. ولَعَلَّ مَنْ ذَهَبَ إلى القولِ الثاني يَحْتَجُّ بقولِ عليٍّ، رَضِيَ اللَّه عنه، ولأنَّ عَقْلَها نِصْفُ عَقْلِه، فإذا قُتِلَ بها بَقِيَ له بَقِيَّةٌ، فاسْتُوفِيَتْ ممَّن قَتَلَه. ولَنا، قولُه تعالى: {النَّفْسَ بِالنَّفْسِ} (٢). وقولُه: {الْحُرُّ بِالْحُرِّ} (٣). مع عُمومِ سائرِ النُّصوصِ، وقد ثَبَتَ أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- قَتَلَ يَهُودِيًّا رَضَّ رأسَ جارِيةٍ من الأنْصارِ (٤)، ورَوَى أبو بكرِ بن محمدِ بن عمرِو بن حَزْمٍ، عن أبِيه، عن جَدِّه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّه -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- كَتَبَ إلى أهلِ الْيَمَنِ بكتابٍ فيه الفرائضُ والأسْنانُ، وأنَّ الرَّجُلَ يُقْتَلُ بالمرأةِ (٥). وهو كِتابٌ مشهورٌ عند أهلِ العلمِ، مُتَلَقَّى بالقَبُولِ عندَهم، ولأنَّهما شَخْصانِ يُحَدُّ كلُّ واحدٍ منهم (٦) بقَذْفِ صاحِبِه، فقُتِلَ كلُّ واحدٍ منهما بالآخَرِ،
(١٢) في ب: "فوجبت".(١) وأخرجه ابن جرير، في: تفسير سورة البقرة، الآية ١٧٨. تفسير الطبري ٢/ ١٠٥.(٢) سورة المائدة ٤٥.(٣) سورة البقرة ١٧٨.(٤) تقدم تخريجه، في صفحة ٤٤٨.(٥) أخرجه النسائي، في: باب ذكر حديث عمرو بن حزم في العقول، من كتاب القسامة. المجتبى ٨/ ٥١، ٥٢. والدارمي، في: باب القود بين الرجال والنساء، من كتاب الديات. سنن الدارمي ٢/ ١٨٩، ١٩٠. والحاكم، في: كتاب الزكاة. المستدرك ١/ ٣٩٥ - ٣٩٧. والبيهقي، في: باب قتل الرجل بالمرأة، من كتاب الجنايات. السنن الكبرى ٨/ ٢٨.(٦) كذا في النسخ.
