Book of Fighting the Rebels (Ahl al-Baghy)
The fundamental basis for this chapter is the saying of Allah, glory be to Him: "And if two factions among the believers should fight, then make settlement between the two. But if one of them oppresses the other, then fight against the one that oppresses until it returns to the ordinance of Allah." Up to His saying: "The believers are but brothers, so make settlement between your brothers" (1). This verse contains five benefits: First, that by rebelling, they did not exit the fold of faith, for He called them believers. Second, that He made fighting them obligatory. Third, that He waived fighting them once they returned to the command of Allah. Fourth, that He waived liability from them for what they destroyed during their fighting. Fifth, that the verse established the lawfulness of fighting anyone who withholds a right owed upon them. Abdullah ibn Amr narrated that he heard the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, say: "Whoever gives a pledge of allegiance to an Imam, offering him the clasp of his hand and the fruit of his heart (2), then let him obey him as much as he is able. If another comes to dispute with him, strike the neck of the other." Recorded by Muslim (3). Arfaja also narrated that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: "There will be various tribulations." Then he raised his voice: "Beware, for whoever comes out against my community while they are united, strike his neck with the sword, whoever he may be" (5). Thus, everyone whose Imamate has been established, obedience to him is obligatory, and rebellion is forbidden.
(1) Surah Al-Hujurat 9, 10. (2) In [M]: "his heart" (fu'adihi) [variant reading]. (3) In: Chapter on the Obligation of Fulfilling the Allegiance to the Caliphs..., from the Book of Leadership. Sahih Muslim 3/1472-1473. It was also recorded by Abu Dawood, in: Chapter on Mentioning Tribulations..., from the Book of Tribulations. Sunan Abi Dawood 2/413. And Al-Nasa'i, in: Chapter on What Is Required of One Who Pledges Allegiance to the Imam, from the Book of Allegiance. Al-Mujtaba 7/137-138. And Ibn Majah, in: Chapter on What Will Occur of Tribulations, from the Book of Tribulations. Sunan Ibn Majah 2/1306-1307. And Imam Ahmad, in: Al-Musnad 2/161, 191, 193. (4) The letter 'wa' is omitted from the original and [B]. (5) Recorded by Muslim, in: Chapter on the Ruling of One Who Splits the Matter of the Muslims..., from the Book of Leadership. Sahih Muslim 3/1479. And Abu Dawood, in: Chapter on Killing the Khawarij, from the Book of the Sunnah. Sunan Abi Dawood 2/543. And Imam Ahmad, in: Al-Musnad 4/341.
كتاب قِتالِ أهْلِ البَغْيِ
والأصلُ في هذا البابِ قولُ اللَّه سبحانَه: {وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا فَإِنْ بَغَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا عَلَى الْأُخْرَى فَقَاتِلُوا الَّتِي تَبْغِي حَتَّى تَفِيءَ إِلَى أَمْرِ اللَّهِ}. إلى قوله: {إِنَّمَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ إِخْوَةٌ فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَ أَخَوَيْكُمْ} (١) ففيها خمسُ فَوائِدَ؛ أحدها، أنَّهم لم يَخْرُجُوا بالبَغْيِ عن الإِيمانِ، فإنَّه سَمَّاهم مؤمِنين. الثَّانِيةُ، أنَّه أَوْجَبَ قِتالَهم. الثالثةُ، أنَّه أسْقَطَ قِتالَهم إذا فَاءُوا إلى أمْرِ اللهِ. الرَّابِعةُ، أنَّه أَسْقَطَ عنهم التَّبِعَةَ فيما أتْلَفُوه في قِتالِهم. الخامِسَةُ، أنَّ الآيةَ أفادَتْ جَوازَ قِتالِ كُلِّ مَنْ مَنَعَ حَقًّا عليه. وروَى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عمرٍو قال: سَمِعْتُ رسولَ اللهِ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- يقول: "مَنْ أَعْطَى إِمَامًا صَفْقَةَ يَدِهِ، وَثَمَرَةَ قَلْبِهِ (٢)، فَليُطِعْهُ مَا اسْتَطاعَ، فَإنْ جَاءَ آخَرُ يُنَازِعُه، فَاضْرِبُوا عُنُقَ الآخَرِ". روَاه مُسْلم (٣). وروَىَ عَرْفَجَةُ، قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "سَتَكُونُ هَنَاتٌ وَهَنَاتٌ". ورفَع صوتَه: "أَلَا وَمَنْ (٤) خَرَجَ عَلَى أُمَّتي وَهُمْ جَمِيعٌ، فَاضْربُوا عُنُقَهُ بِالسَّيْفِ، كَائِنًا مَنْ كَانَ" (٥). فَكُلُّ مَنْ ثَبَتتْ إِمامَتُه، وجَبتْ طاعَتُه، وحَرُمَ الخُرُوجُ
(١) سورة الحجرات ٩، ١٠.(٢) في م: "فؤاده".(٣) في: باب وجوب الوفاء ببيعة الخلفاء. . ., من كتاب الإمارة. صحيح مسلم ٣/ ١٤٧٢، ١٤٧٣.كما أخرجه أبو داود، في: باب ذكر الفتن. . ., من كتاب الفتن. سنن أبي داود ٢/ ٤١٣. والنسائي، في: باب ما على من بايع الإِمام، من كتاب البيعة. المجتبى ٧/ ١٣٧، ١٣٨. وابن ماجه، في: باب ما يكون من الفتن، من كتاب الفتن. سنن ابن ماجه ٢/ ١٣٠٦، ١٣٠٧. والإِمام أحمد، في: المسند ٢/ ١٦١، ١٩١، ١٩٣.(٤) سقطت الواو من: الأصل، ب.(٥) أخرجه مسلم، في: باب حكم من فرق أمر المسلمين. . ., من كتاب الإمارة. صحيح مسلم ٣/ ١٤٧٩. وأبو داود، في: باب في قتل الخوارج، من كتاب السنة. سنن أبي داود ٢/ ٥٤٣. والإِمام أحمد، في: المسند ٤/ ٣٤١.
