As for the apostate and the belligerent (harbi), they have no blood money, due to the absence of inviolability (ismah) for them.
1471 - Issue; He said: (The blood money of the Magian is eight hundred dirhams, and their women are half that.)
This is the opinion of the majority of scholars. Ahmad said: How little disagreement there is regarding the blood money of the Magian. Among those who stated this are Umar, Uthman, Ibn Mas'ud, may Allah be pleased with them, Sa'id ibn al-Musayyib, Sulayman ibn Yasar, Ata', Ikrimah, al-Hasan, Malik, al-Shafi'i, and Ishaq. It is narrated from Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz that he said: His blood money is half the blood money of a Muslim, like the blood money of a Person of the Book, because of the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him): "Treat them with the sunnah (practice) of the People of the Book." al-Nakha'i, al-Sha'bi, and the proponents of ra'y (the Hanafi school) said: His blood money is like the blood money of a Muslim, because he is a free, inviolable human being, so he resembles the Muslim. Our position is the statement of those we named from the Companions, and we do not know of any dissenter among them in their era, so it constitutes a consensus (ijma'). His saying: "Treat them with the sunnah of the People of the Book," refers to the collection of their jizyah and the preservation of their blood, evidenced by the fact that their slaughtered meat and their women are not lawful for us. It is not permissible to draw an analogy between them and the Muslim or the Person of the Book due to the reduction of his blood money and the rules regarding him compared to them. Thus, his blood money should be reduced, just as a woman's blood money is reduced from that of a man. It makes no difference whether the Magian is a dhimmi or a musta'man (one granted security), because his blood is preserved. Their women are at half the rate of their [men's] blood money by consensus. The wounds of each are assessed according to his blood money. If they are killed intentionally, the blood money is doubled for the Muslim killer, to compensate for the removal of retaliation. Ahmad explicitly stated this, by analogy to the Person of the Book.
Section: As for idolaters and all those who have no scripture, such as the Turks and those who worship whatever they deem good, they have no dhimmah (covenant). Their blood is only preserved through an aman (grant of security). If one who has been granted an aman among them is killed,
(1) In the original: "wa-yurwa" (and it is narrated). (2) Its authentication has preceded, in: 9/547. (3) Omitted from the original. (4) In M: "diyah" (blood money).
المُرْتَدُّ والحَرْبِىُّ، فلا دِيَةَ لهما؛ لعَدَمِ العِصْمَةِ فيهما.
١٤٧١ - مسألة؛ قال: (ودِيَةُ الْمَجُوسِىِّ ثَمانِمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ، ونِسَاؤُهُمْ عَلَى النِّصْفِ)
وهذا قولُ أكثرِ أهلِ العلمِ. قال أحمدُ: ما أقَلَّ ما اخْتُلِفَ في دِيَةِ الْمَجُوسِىِّ. وممَّن قال ذلك عمرُ، وعثمانُ، وابنُ مسعودٍ، رَضِىَ اللهُ عنهم، وسعيدُ بن المُسَيَّبِ، وسليمانُ بن يَسَارٍ، وعَطاءٌ، وعِكْرِمَةُ، والحسنُ، ومالكٌ، والشافعيُّ، وإسحاقُ. ورُوِىَ (١) عن عمرَ بن عبدِ العزيزِ، أنَّه قال: دِيَتُه نِصْفُ دِيَةِ المسلمِ، كدِيَةِ الكِتابىِّ؛ لقولِ النَّبِيِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "سُنُّوا بِهِمْ سُنَّةَ أهْلِ الكِتابِ" (٢). وقال النَّخَعِىُّ، والشَّعْبيُّ، وأصْحابُ الرَّأْىِ: دِيَتُه كدِيَةِ المسلمِ؛ لأنَّه آدَمِىٌّ (٣) حُرٌّ مَعْصُومٌ، فأشْبَهَ المسلمَ. ولَنا، قولُ مَنْ سَمَّيْنَا من الصَّحابةِ، ولم نَعْرِفْ لهم في عَصْرِهِم مُخالِفًا، فكان إجْماعًا. وقوله: "سُنُّوا بِهِمْ سُنَّةَ أهْلِ الْكِتَابِ". يعني في أخْذِ جِزْيَتِهم، وحَقْنِ دِمَائِهم، بدليلِ أنَّ ذَبائِحَهُم ونِساءَهم لا تَحِلُّ لنا، ولا يجوزُ اعْتبارُه بالمسلمِ ولا الكتابىِّ، لنُقْصانِ دِيَتِه وأحكامِه عنهما، فيَنْبَغِى أن تَنْقُصَ دِيَتُه، كنَقْصِ المرأةِ عن دِيَةِ الرَّجُلِ، وسواءٌ كان المَجُوسِىُّ ذِمِّيًّا أو مُسْتأْمنًا؛ لأنَّه مَحْقُونُ الدَّمِ. ونِساؤُهم على النِّصْفِ من دِيَاتِهم بإجماعٍ. وجِراحُ كلِّ واحدٍ مُعْتَبَرةٌ من دِيَتِه. وإن قُتِلُوا عَمْدًا، أُضْعِفَتِ الدِّيَةُ على القاتلِ المُسْلِمِ؛ لإِزالةِ القَوَدِ. نَصَّ عليه أحمدُ، قِياسًا على الكتابىِّ.
فصل: فأمَّا عَبَدَةُ الأوْثانِ، وسائرُ مَنْ لا كِتابَ له، كالتُّرْكِ، ومَنْ عَبَدَ ما اسْتَحْسَنَ، فلا ذِمَّةَ (٤) لهم، وإنَّما تُحْقَنُ دِماؤُهم بالأَمانِ، فإذا قُتِلَ مَنْ له أمانٌ منهم،
(١) في الأصل: "ويروى".(٢) تقدم تخريجه، في: ٩/ ٥٤٧.(٣) سقط من: الأصل.(٤) في م: "دية".
