had already come into their hands and they had secured them. It was said to him: What if the people of al-Massisa (15) took spoils, then the enemy recovered them from them, and the people of Tarsus (16) came and fought with them until they recovered them? He said: "I would prefer that they reach a settlement, [it is more pleasing to me that they reach a settlement] (18)." As for the first case, the first group had secured the spoils and possessed them by gathering them, so they belonged to them to the exclusion of those who fought alongside them. As for the second case, the spoils were only obtained by the fighting of those who recovered them the second time, so they ought to share in them because the first securing was nullified by the infidels taking them. [It is possible that the first group possessed them by the first taking, and their ownership was not nullified by the infidels taking them] (19) from them, and that is why Ahmad preferred that they reach a settlement regarding them.
1654 - Issue: He said: "And whoever the commander sends for the benefit of the army, and he does not attend the spoils, shall be given a share."
This is like the messenger, the guide, the scout, the spy, and their likes; they are sent for the benefit of the army, and they share with the army. Abu Bakr ibn Abi Maryam, Rashid ibn Sa'd, and Atiyyah ibn Qays held this view. They said: "Uthman remained behind on the day of Badr, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) allotted him a share of the spoils." It is narrated from Ibn Umar that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) stood—meaning on the day of Badr—and said: "Uthman has gone for the need of Allah and the need of His Messenger, and I am giving the pledge on his behalf." So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) allotted a share for him, and did not allot one for anyone else who was absent. Related by Abu Dawud (1). From Ibn Umar, he said: "Uthman only missed Badr because he had the daughter of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) as his wife, and she was ill, so the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said to him: 'You shall have the reward of a man among those (2) who witnessed Badr and his share.'" Related by al-Bukhari (3), and because he...
(15) Al-Massisa: A city on the shore of the Ceyhan River, from the frontier regions (thughur) of al-Sham, between Antioch and the lands of the Romans (Byzantines), close to Tarsus. Mu'jam al-Buldan 4/558. (16) Tarsus: A city in the frontier regions of al-Sham, between Antioch, Aleppo, and the lands of the Romans (Byzantines). Mu'jam al-Buldan 3/526. (17) Omitted from A. (18) Omitted from M. (19) Omitted from B. (1) In: Chapter on whoever arrives after the spoils having no share, from the Book of Jihad. Sunan Abi Dawud 2/67. (2) Omitted from M. (3) In: Chapter on if the Imam sends a messenger for a need..., from the Book of al-Khums, and in: Chapter on the Virtues of Uthman ibn Affan, from the Book of...
قد صارَتْ فى أَيْدِيهم وحَوَوْها. قيلَ له: فإنَّ أهلَ الْمِصِّيصةِ (١٥) غنِمُوا ثم اسْتَنْقذَ منهم العدُوُّ، فجاءَ أهلُ طَرَسُوسَ (١٦)، فقاتَلُوا معَهم حتَّى اسْتَنْقَذُوه؟ فقال: أحبُّ إلىَّ (١٧) أنْ يصْطَلِحُوا، [أعْجَبُ إلىَّ أنْ يصْطلِحُوا] (١٨). أمَّا فى الصُّورةِ الأُولَى، فإنَّ الأوَّلين قَدْ أحْرَزُوا الغنيمةَ ومَلَكُوها بحِيَازَتِهم، فكانَتْ لهُم دونَ مَنْ قاتَلَ معَهم. أمَّا فى الصُّورَةِ الثانيةِ، فإنَّما حَصَلَتِ الغنيمةُ بقتالِ الذين اسْتَنْقَذُوها فى المرَّةِ الثانيَةِ، فيَنْبَغِى أنْ يَشْتَركُوا فيها، لأنَّ الإِحْرازَ الأوَّلَ قد زالَ بأخْذِ الكُفَّارِ لها، [ويَحْتَمِلُ أنَّ الأوَّلِين قد مَلَكُوها بالحيازَةِ الأُولى، ولم يَزُلْ مِلْكُهم بأَخْذِ الكُفَّارِ لها] (١٩) منهم، فلهذا أحَبَّ أحمد أنْ يَصْطَلِحُوا عليها.
١٦٥٤ - مسألة؛ قال: (ومَنْ بَعَثَهُ الْأمِيرُ لِمَصْلَحَةِ الْجَيْشِ، فَلَمْ يَحْضُرِ الْغَنِيمَةَ، أُسهِمَ لَهُ)
هذا مثلُ الرسولِ والدَّليلِ والطَّلِيعَةِ والجَاسُوسِ وأشْباهِهِم، يُبْعَثُون لمَصْلَحَةِ الجيشِ، فإنَّهم يُشارِكُون الجيشَ. وبهذا قال أبو بكر بن أبي مَرْيم، وراشدُ بني سَعْدٍ، وعَطِيَّةُ ابن قَيْسٍ، قالوا: وقد تخَلَّفَ عثمانُ يومَ بَدْرٍ، فأجْرَى له رسولُ اللَّه -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- سَهْمًا مِن الْغَنِيمَةِ. ويُرْوَى عن ابن عمرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّه -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- قامَ -يعنى يومَ بَدْرٍ- فقال: "إنَّ عُثْمَانَ انْطَلَقَ فِى حَاجَةِ اللهِ وَحَاجَةِ رَسُولِهِ، وإنِّى أُبَايِعُ لَهُ". فضَرَبَ له رسولُ اللَّه -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- بسَهْمِه، ولم يَضْرِبْ لأحَدٍ غابَ غيرِه. روَاه أبو داوُدَ (١). وعن ابنِ عمرَ، قال: إنَّما تَغَيَّبَ عثمانُ عن بَدْرٍ، لأنَّه كانَتْ تَحْتَه ابنةُ رسولِ اللَّه -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-، وكانَتْ مريضَةً، فقال له النَّبِىُّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-: "إنَّ لَكَ أَجْرَ رَجُلٍ مِمَّنْ (٢) شَهِدَ بَدْرًا وسَهْمَهُ". روَاه البُخارِيُّ (٣)، ولأنَّه
(١٥) المصيصة: مدينة على شاطىء جيحان، من ثغور الشام، بين أنطاكية وبلاد الروم، تقارب طرسوس. معجم البلدان ٤/ ٥٥٨.(١٦) طرسوس: مدينة بثغور الشام، بين أنطاكية وحلب وبلاد الروم. معجم البلدان ٣/ ٥٢٦.(١٧) سقط من: أ.(١٨) سقط من: م.(١٩) سقط من: ب.(١) فى: باب فى من جاء بعد الغنيمة لا سهم له، من كتاب الجهاد. سنن أبي داود ٢/ ٦٧.(٢) سقط من: م.(٣) فى: باب إذا بعث الإِمام رسولا فى حاجة. . .، من كتاب الخمس، وفى: باب مناقب عثمان بن عفَّان، من كتاب =
