master. It was also narrated by Sa'id. On the authority of al-Sha'bi, from a man from Thaqif, who said: We asked the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) to return to us Abu Bakrah, who was a slave of ours. He had come to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) while he was besieging Thaqif and became Muslim. He refused to return him to us and said: "He is Allah's freedman, then the freedman of His Messenger." Thus, he did not return him to us.
1660 - Issue: He said: "And whatever property of the Muslims and their slaves the people of war have taken, if the owner catches up with it before its distribution, he is more entitled to it. [And if he catches up with it after it has been distributed, he is more entitled to it for the price with which he bought it from the booty, according to one of the two narrations. The other narration is: if it has been distributed, he has no right to it at all]."
This means that if the disbelievers take the property of the Muslims and then the Muslims overcome them and take it from them, if the owner is known before it is distributed, it is returned to him without anything, according to the view of the general body of scholars; among them are Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, 'Ata', al-Nakha'i, Salman ibn Rabi'ah, al-Layth, Malik, al-Thawri, al-Awza'i, al-Shafi'i, and the jurists (Ashab al-Ra'y). Al-Zuhri said: It is not returned to him, and it belongs to the army. A similar view is attributed to 'Amr ibn Dinar, because the disbelievers took possession of it through their seizure, so it became booty, like the rest of their property. Our evidence is what Ibn Umar narrated, that a servant of his fled to the enemy, and the Muslims overcame them, so the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) returned him to Ibn Umar, and it had not been divided. From him, he said: A horse of his went missing and the enemy took it, then the Muslims overcame them, and it was returned to him during the time of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). Both were narrated by Abu Dawud. Also from Raja' ibn Haywah, that Abu Ubaydah wrote to Umar ibn al-Khattab regarding what the...
(22) In the previous chapter, the previous location. (23) Narrated by Imam Ahmad, in: Al-Musnad 4/168, 310. (1) This appeared in the manuscripts as if it were part of the commentary. The detail that follows in the commentary clarifies that it is from the text (matn) of al-Khiraqi. (2) In A: "Sulayman". (3) In: The Chapter on Property the Enemy Obtains from the Muslims Then the Owner Catches Up with it..., from the Book of Jihad. Sunan Abi Dawud 2/59. They were also narrated by al-Bukhari, in: The Chapter on if the Polytheists Take the Property of a Muslim Then a Muslim Finds it, from the Book of Jihad. Sahih al-Bukhari 4/89. And by Imam Malik, in the Chapter on What is Returned Before Distribution Occurs..., from the Book of Jihad - Al-Muwatta 2/452. (4) In A, B, and M: "Jabir". This is a mistake.
سيِّدِه. روَاه سعيدٌ أيضا (٢٢)، وعن الشَّعْبِىِّ، عن رجلٍ من ثَقِيفٍ، قال: سأَلْنا رسولَ اللَّه -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- أن يَرُدَّ علَينا أبا بَكْرَة، وكان عبدًا لنا، أتَى رسولَ اللَّه -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- وهو مُحاصِرٌ ثَقِيفًا، فأسلَم، فأبَى أن يَرُدَّه علينا، وقال: "هُوَ طَلِيقُ اللهِ، ثُمَّ طَلِيقُ رَسُولِهِ". فلم يَرُدَّه علينا (٢٣).
١٦٦٠ - مسألة؛ قال: (وَمَا أَخَذَهُ أهْلُ الْحَرْبِ مِنْ أَمْوَالِ الْمُسْلِمِين وَعَبِيدِهِمْ، فَأَدْرَكَهُ صاحِبُهُ قَبْلَ قَسْمِهِ، فَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهِ [وإنْ أَدْرَكَهُ مَقْسُومًا، فَهُوَ أحَقُّ بِهِ بِالثَّمَنِ الَّذِى ابْتَاعَهُ مِنَ الْمَغْنَمِ، فِى إحْدَى الرِّوَايَتَيْنِ، والرِّوَايَةُ الأُخْرَى، إذَا قُسِمَ، فَلَا حَقَّ لَهُ فِيهِ بِحَالٍ] (١))
يعنى إذا أخَذَ الكُفَّارُ أمْوالَ المسلمين، ثم قهَرَهُم المسلمون، فأخَذُوها منهم، فإنْ عُلِمَ صاحِبُها قبلَ قَسْمِها، رُدَّت إليه بغيرِ شىءٍ، فى قولِ عامَّةِ أهلِ العلمِ؛ منهم عمرُ، رَضِىَ اللهُ عنه، وعَطاءٌ، والنَّخَعِىُّ، وسَلْمانُ (٢) بن رَبِيعةَ، واللَّيْثُ، ومالِكٌ، والثَّوْرِىُّ، والأوْزَاعِىُّ، والشافِعِىُّ، وأصْحابُ الرَّأْىِ. وقال الزُّهْرِىُّ: لا يُرَدُّ إليه، وهو للجَيْشِ. ونحوُه عن عمرِو بن دِينَار؛ لأنَّ الكُفَّارَ ملَكُوه باسْتِيلائِهم، فصار غنيمةً، كسائرِ أموالِهم. ولَنا، ما رَوَى ابنُ عمرَ، أنَّ غلامًا له أبَقَ إلى العَدُوِّ، فظَهَرَ عليه المسلمون، فردَّهُ رسولُ اللَّه -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- إلى ابنِ عمرَ، ولم يُقْسَمْ. وعنه، قال: ذَهَبَ فرسٌ له، فأخَذَها العَدُوُّ، فظهَرَ عليه المسلمون، فرُدَّ عليه فى زمَنِ النَّبِىِّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-. روَاهما أبو دَاوُدَ (٣). وعن رَجاءِ (٤) بن حَيْوَةَ، أنَّ أبا عُبَيْدَة كتَبَ إلى عمرَ بن الخَطَّاب، فيما أحْرَزَ
(٢٢) فى الباب السابق، الموضع السابق.(٢٣) أخرجه الإمام أحمد، فى: المسند ٤/ ١٦٨، ٣١٠.(١) جاء هذا فى النسخ على أنه من الشرح. والتفصيل الآتي فى الشرح يوضح أنه من متن الخرقى.(٢) في أ: "سليمان".(٣) فى: باب في المال يصيبه العدو من المسلمين ثم يدركه صاحبه. . .، من كتاب الجهاد. سنن أبى داود ٢/ ٥٩.كما أخرجهما البخارى، فى: باب إذا غنم المشركون مال المسلم ثم وجده المسلم، من كتاب الجهاد. صحيح البخارى ٤/ ٨٩. والإمام مالك، فى باب ما يُرَدّ قبل أن يقع القسم. . .، من كتاب الجهاد - الموطأ ٢/ ٤٥٢.(٤) في أ، ب، م: "جابر". خطأ.
