that he does not see any harm in their slaughtered animals. This is the opinion of Ibn Abbas. A similar view was narrated from Umar ibn al-Khattab (2), may Allah be pleased with him. The same was stated by al-Hasan, al-Nakha'i, al-Sha'bi, al-Zuhri, Ata' al-Khurasani, al-Hakam, Hammad, Ishaq, and the People of Opinion (Ashab al-Ra'y). Al-Athram said: I do not know of anyone among the Companions of the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) who disliked it except Ali. This is because they fall under the generality of His saying, the Almighty: "And the food of those who were given the Scripture is lawful for you and your food is lawful for them. And [lawful in marriage are] chaste women from the believers and chaste women from those who were given the Scripture before you" (3). Furthermore, because they are People of the Scripture who are permitted to remain in their religion upon the payment of wealth, their slaughtered animals and their women are therefore lawful, like the Children of Israel.
1698 - Issue: He said: (And whoever from the People of the Dhimma travels from his land to another, one-tenth (half of the tenth) is to be taken from him in the year).
This is famous from Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, and the narration from him is authentic (1). Al-Shafi'i said: There is nothing upon him except the Jizya, unless he enters the land of the Hijaz, in which case his situation is considered. If it is for a mission or to transport provisions, he is permitted to pass without paying anything. If it is for trade that the people of the Hijaz have no need for, he is not permitted (2) to pass unless he stipulates for him a compensation based on what he deems appropriate, and it is better that he stipulates upon him (3) half of the tenth, because Umar stipulated half of the tenth upon whoever from the People of the Dhimma entered the Hijaz (4). Our evidence is the statement of the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace): "There are no tithes (ushur) upon the Muslims; the tithes are only upon the Jews and the Christians." Recorded by Abu Dawud (5). Imam Ahmad narrated from Sufyan, from Hisham, from Anas ibn Sirin, who said:
(2) Recorded by al-Bayhaqi in the two preceding chapters. Al-Sunan al-Kubra 9/216, 284. (3) Surah al-Ma'idah 5. It is written as follows in A and B: "{And the food of those who were given the Scripture is lawful for you} and His saying: {And chaste women from those who were given the Scripture before you}". (1) Recorded by al-Bayhaqi, in: The chapter on what is taken from the Dhimmi when he trades in a land other than his own..., from the Book of Jizya. Al-Sunan al-Kubra 9/210. And by Abd al-Razzaq, in: The chapter on the charity of the People of the Scripture, from the Book of the People of the Scripture. Al-Musannaf 6/95, 97. (2) In A: "permitted". (3) Omitted from: The original, A, and M. (4) This is what preceded at the beginning of the issue. See the author's statement following this regarding his saying: "upon whoever enters the Hijaz". (5) In: The chapter on the tithing of the People of the Dhimma when they travel for trade, from the Book of Kharaj, Fay', and Governance. Sunan Abi Dawud 2/151. Also recorded by Imam Ahmad in: Al-Musnad 3/474, 4/322, 5/410.
أنَّه لا يَرَى بذبائِحِهم بأْسًا. وهذا قولُ ابن عباس. ورُوِى نحوُه عن عمرَ بن الخَطَّابِ (٢)، رَضِىَ اللَّهُ عنه. وبه قال الحسَنُ، والنَّخَعِىُّ، والشَّعْبِىُّ، والزُّهْرِىُّ، وعَطاءٌ الخُراسانِىُّ، والحَكَمُ، وحَمَّادٌ، وإسْحاقُ، وأصْحابُ الرَّأْىِ. قال الأَثْرَمُ: وما عَلِمْتُ أحدًا كَرِهَه من أصحاب النَّبِىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- إلَّا عليًّا. وذلك لدخُولِهم فى عُمومِ قولِه تعالَى: {وَطَعَامُ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ حِلٌّ لَكُمْ وَطَعَامُكُمْ حِلٌّ لَهُمْ وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ} (٣). ولأَنَّهُم أهلُ كتابٍ يُقَرُّونَ على دينِهم بِبَذْلِ المالِ، فتَحِلُّ ذبائِحُهم ونساؤُهم، كبَنِى إسْرائِيلَ.
١٦٩٨ - مسألة؛ قال: (ومَنْ يَجُزْ مِنْ أهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ إلَى غَيْرِ بَلَدِهِ، أُخِذَ مِنْهُ نِصْفُ العُشْرِ فِى السَّنَةِ)
اشتهرَ هذا عن عمرَ، رَضِىَ اللَّهُ عنه، وصَحَّتِ الرِّوايَةُ عنه به (١). وقال الشافِعِىُّ: ليس عليه إلَّا الْجِزْيَةُ، إلَّا أَنْ يدْخُلَ أرضَ الحِجازِ، فيُنْظَرَ فى حالِه؛ فإنْ كان لرسالَةٍ، أو نَقْلِ مِيرَةٍ، أَذنَ له بغَيْرِ شىءٍ، وإِنْ كان لِتجارَةٍ لا حاجَةَ بأهلِ الحجازِ إليها، لم يَأْذَنْ (٢) له إلَّا أَنْ يَشْتَرطَ عليه عِوَضًا بحَسَبِ ما يراهُ، والأَوْلَى أَنْ يشترطَ عليه (٣) نِصْفَ العُشْرِ؛ لأنَّ عمرَ شرَطَ نصفَ العُشْرِ على مَنْ دخَلَ الحجازَ من أهلِ الذِّمَّةِ (٤). ولَنا، قولُ النَّبِىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "لَيْسَ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ عُشُورٌ، إنَّمَا الْعُشُورُ عَلَى الْيَهُودِ والنَّصَارَى". روَاه أبو داودَ (٥). وروَى الإِمامُ أحمدُ، عن سفيانَ، عن هِشامٍ، عن أنَسِ بن سِيرِينَ، قال:
(٢) أخرجه البيهقى، فى البابين السابقين. السنن الكبرى ٩/ ٢١٦، ٢٨٤.(٣) سورة المائدة ٥.وورد هكذا فى أ، ب: " {وَطَعَامُ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ حِلٌّ لَكُمْ} وقوله: {وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ} ".(١) أخرجه البيهقى، فى: باب ما يؤخذ من الذمى إذا اتجر فى غير بلده. . .، من كتاب الجزية. السنن الكبرى ٩/ ٢١٠. وعبد الرزاق، فى: باب صدقة أهل الكتاب، من كتاب أهل الكتاب. المصنف ٦/ ٩٥، ٩٧.(٢) فى أ: "يؤذن".(٣) سقط من: الأصل، أ، م.(٤) هو الذى تقدم فى أول المسألة. وانظر كلام المصنف الآتى على قوله: "على من دخل الحجاز".(٥) فى: باب فى تعشير أهل الذمة إذا اختلفوا بالتجارات، من كتاب الخراج والفىء والإمارة. سنن أبى داود ٢/ ١٥١. كما أخرجه الإمام أحمد فى: المسند ٣/ ٤٧٤، ٤/ ٣٢٢، ٥/ ٤١٠.
