whims" (13). If a woman seeks judgment against her husband regarding divorce, zihar (injurious assimilation), or ila (vow of abstinence), the ruler may choose to judge between them or refrain, according to the word of Allah the Almighty: "So if they come to you, judge between them or turn away from them." If her husband is brought before him, judgment shall be passed against him as it would be against a Muslim in similar circumstances. If he had performed zihar upon her (14), he is forbidden from having intercourse with her until he performs the expiation, and his expiation is by feeding only, because he does not own a Muslim slave, cannot purchase one, and fasting is not valid for him.
Section: It is not permissible to allow him (the Dhimmi) to purchase a Mushaf (copy of the Quran), the Hadith of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), or books of Fiqh. If he does so, the purchase is void, as this entails (15) debasement of them. Ahmad disliked that they be sold clothes upon which the name of Allah the Almighty is written. Muhanna said: I asked (16) Abu Abd Allah: Do you dislike that a Muslim man teaches a Majusi (Zoroastrian) youth something from the Quran? He said: If he converts to Islam, then yes, otherwise I dislike placing the Quran in an improper place. I said: Should he teach him to pray upon the Prophet (peace be upon him)? He said: Yes. Al-Fadl ibn Ziyad said: I asked Abu Abd Allah about a man who pledges a Mushaf as collateral with the people of the Dhimmah? He said: No, the Prophet (peace be upon him) forbade traveling with the Quran to the land of the enemy, for fear that [the enemy might obtain it] (17).
Section: It is not permissible to prioritize them in gatherings, nor to initiate the greeting (salam) to them, based on what Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "Do not initiate the greeting to the Jews and Christians, and if you meet any of them on the road, force them to the narrowest part of it." Recorded by al-Tirmidhi (18), who said: It is a hasan sahih hadith. It is also narrated from the Prophet (peace be upon him) that he (19) said: "We are going out tomorrow, so do not initiate the greeting to them, and if they greet you, say: 'And upon you' (wa alaykum)." Recorded by Imam Ahmad (20).
(13) Surah al-Ma'idah, 49. (14) Omitted from the Original, A, and B. (15) In A: "mutadammin" (implying). (16) In M, there is an addition: "Ahmad". (17) In B: "tanalahu aydihim" (that their hands might reach it). The verification of the hadith was previously mentioned in: 10/205. (18) In: The Chapter on What Has Been Said Regarding Greeting the People of the Book, from the Chapters on Expeditions. 'Aridat al-Ahwadhi 7/103. It was also recorded by Muslim, in: The Chapter on the Prohibition of Initiating the Greeting to the People of the Book... from the Book of Peace. Sahih Muslim 4/1707. And by Imam Ahmad, in: Al-Musnad 2/263, 266, 346, 444, 459, 525. (19) Omitted from the Original and A. (20) In: Al-Musnad 6/398.
اهوَاءَهُمْ} (١٣). وإذَا اسْتَعْدَت المرأَة على زَوْجِها فى طلاقٍ أو ظِهارٍ أو إيلاءٍ، فإنْ شاءَ أَعْداها، وإِنْ شاءَ تَرَكَها؛ لقولِ اللَّه تعالى: {فَإِنْ جَاءُوكَ فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ أَوْ أَعْرِضْ عَنْهُمْ}. فإنْ أُحْضِرَ زَوْجُها، حُكِمَ عليه بما يُحْكَمُ على المسلِم فى مثلِ ذلك. فإنْ كانَ قد ظاهَرَ منها (١٤)، مَنَعَه وَطْأَها حَتَّى يُكَفِّرَ، وتَكْفِيرُه بالإِطْعَامِ وحْدَهُ؛ لأنَّه لا يَمْلِكُ رَقَبَةَ مُسْلِمٍ، ولا يَمْلِكُ شراءهَا، ولا يَصِحُّ منه الصِّيامُ.
فصل: ولا يجوزُ تَمْكِينُه من شِراءِ مُصْحَفٍ، ولا حَدِيثِ رسولِ اللَّه -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-، ولا فِقْهٍ، فإنْ فَعَلَ، فالشِّراءُ باطِلٌ؛ لأنَّ ذَلِكَ يَتَضَمَّنُ (١٥) ابْتِذالَه. وكَرِه أحمدُ بَيعَهُم الثِّيابَ المكْتوبَ عليها ذِكْرُ اللَّه تعالى. قال مُهَنَّا: سأَلْتُ (١٦) أبا عبد اللَّه: هل تَكْرَهُ للرَّجُلِ المسلمِ أَنْ يُعَلِّمَ غُلامًا مَجُوسيًّا شيئًا من القرآن؟ قال: إنْ أَسْلَمَ فنعم، وإلَّا فأكْرَهُ أَنْ يَضَعَ القرَآنَ فى غيرِ مَوْضِعِه. قلتُ: فَيُعَلِّمُه أَنْ يُصَلِّىَ على النَّبِىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-؟ قال: نعم. وقال الفَضْلُ بن زيادٍ: سَأَلتُ أبا عبد اللَّه عن الرجُلِ يَرْهَنُ المصحفَ عندَ أهلِ الذِّمَّةِ؟ قال: لا، نَهَى النَّبِىُّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- أَنْ يُسافَرَ بالقرآنِ إلى أرضِ العدُوِّ، مَخافَةَ أَنْ [يَنالَه العَدُوُّ] (١٧).
فصل: ولا يجوزُ تصْديرُهم فى المجالسِ، ولا بَداءتُهم بالسَّلامِ، لما رَوَى أبو هُرَيْرَةَ، رَضِىَ اللَّهُ عنه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّه -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- قال: "لَا تَبْدأُوا الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصارَى بالسَّلَامِ، وإِذَا لَقِيتُمْ أَحَدَهُمْ فِى الطرَّيقِ، فَاضْطرُّوهُمْ إلَى أَضْيَقِهَا". أخرَجَه التِّرْمِذِىُّ (١٨)، وقال: حديثٌ حسَنٌ صحيحٌ. ورُوِىَ عن النَّبِىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- أنَّه (١٩) قالْ: "إنَّا غَادُونَ غَدًا، فَلَا تَبْدَأُوهُمْ بِالسَّلَامِ، وإِنْ سَلَّمُوا عَلَيْكُمْ، فقُولُوا: وعَلَيْكُمْ". أَخْرَجَه الإِمامُ أحمدُ (٢٠).
(١٣) سورة المائدة ٤٩.(١٤) سقط من: الأصل، أ، ب.(١٥) فى أ: "متضمن".(١٦) فى م زيادة: "أحمد".(١٧) فى ب: "تناله أيديهم". وتقدم تخريج الحديث فى: ١٠/ ٢٠٥.(١٨) فى: باب ما جاء فى التسليم على أهل الكتاب، من أبواب السير. عارضة الأحوذى ٧/ ١٠٣.كما أخرجه مسلم، فى: باب النهى عن ابتداء أهل الكتاب بالسلام، . . .، من كتاب السلام. صحيح مسلم ٤/ ١٧٠٧. والإمام أحمد، فى: المسند ٢/ ٢٦٣، ٢٦٦، ٣٤٦، ٤٤٤، ٤٥٩، ٥٢٥.(١٩) سقط من: الأصل، أ.(٢٠) فى: المسند ٦/ ٣٩٨.
