Section: Ahmad said regarding a man who has a Christian wife: He may not give her permission to go out to a festival or go to a church, and he has the right to prevent her from that. The same applies to a slave woman. It was said to him: Does he have the right to prevent her from drinking wine? He said: He commands her, but if she does not accept, he does not have the right to forbid her. It was said to him: What if she asks him to buy her a zunnar (a belt worn by non-Muslims)? He said: He shall not buy a zunnar; she may go out and buy it for herself. He was asked about a Dhimmi who deals in usury and sells wine and pork, then converts to Islam while that wealth is in his possession, and he said: He is not obligated to dispose of any of it, because that occurred during his state of disbelief, so it is like their marriage during their disbelief when they convert to Islam. He was asked about Magian parents who make their child a Muslim, and he dies while he is five years old, and he said: He is buried in the graveyards of the Muslims because of the saying of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace: "His parents [make him a Jew, a Christian, or a Magian] (38)" (39). This means that these two did not make him a Magian, so he remains upon the fitra (innate disposition). Abu Abd Allah was asked about the children of the polytheists, and he said: I follow the saying of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace: "Allah knows best what they would have been doing" (40). He said: Ibn Abbas used to say: "His parents make him a Jew or a Christian," until he heard: "Allah knows best what they would have been doing," so he abandoned his view. Ibn al-Shafi'i asked him, saying: O Abu Abd Allah, [are they] the offspring of the polytheists or the Muslims? He said: These are the questions of the people of deviation. Abu Abd Allah said: Bishr ibn al-Sari (41) asked Sufyan al-Thawri about the children of the polytheists, so he shouted at him and said: O young man, are you asking about this? Ahmad said: We let these hadiths pass as they have come, and we do not say anything. He was asked about the children of the Muslims, and he said: There is no disagreement that they are in Paradise. They mentioned to him the hadith...
(37) In M: "innahu" (that he). (38) In B: "yuhawwidanihi wa yunas siranihi wa yumajjisanihi". (39) Its authentication has preceded, in: 12/278. (40) Recorded by al-Bukhari, in: The Chapter on What is Said Regarding the Children of the Polytheists, from the Book of Funerals. Sahih al-Bukhari 2/125. And Muslim, in: The Chapter on the Meaning of Every Newborn Born upon the Fitra... from the Book of Decree. Sahih Muslim 4/2048, 2049. And Abu Dawud, in: The Chapter on the Offspring of the Polytheists, from the Book of the Sunnah. Sunan Abi Dawud 2/531. And al-Nasa'i, in: The Chapter on the Children of the Polytheists, from the Book of Funerals. Al-Mujtaba 4/47, 48. And Imam Ahmad, in: Al-Musnad 2/253, 259, 315, 464, 481, 518. (41) Bishr ibn al-Sari al-Afwah was eloquent in sermons, articulate, and righteous; he died in the year 195 AH. Al-'Ibar 1/318.
فصل: قال أحمدُ، فى الرجل له المرأَةُ النَّصْرانِيَّةُ: لا يأذَنُ لها أَنْ تخْرُجَ إلى عِيدٍ، أو تذهبَ إلى بِيعَةٍ، وله أَن يَمْنَعَها ذلك. وكذلك فى الأَمَةِ. قيل له: ألَهُ (٣٧) أن يَمْنَعَها شُرْبَ الخَمْرِ؟ قال: يَأْمُرُها، فإنْ لم تَقْبَلْ فليس له مَنْعُها. قيل له: فإنْ طَلَبَت منه أَنْ يَشْتَرِىَ لها زُنَّارًا؟ قال: لا يَشْتَرِى زُنَّارًا، تخْرُجُ هى تَشْتَرِى لنَفْسِها. وسُئِلَ عن الذِّمِّىِّ يُعامِلُ بالرِّبَا، ويَبِيعُ الخَمْرَ والخنزيرَ، ثم يُسْلِمُ، وذلك المالُ فى يدِه، فقال: لا يَلْزَمُه أَنْ يُخْرِجَ منه شيئًا؛ لأنَّ ذلك مَضَى فى حالِ كُفْرِه، فأشْبَهَ نكاحَهُم فى الكُفْرِ إذا أسْلَمَ. وسُئِلَ عن الْمَجُوسِيِّيْن يجْعلان ولدَهما مُسْلِمًا، فيمُوتُ وهو ابنُ خمسِ سِنِين؟ فقال: يُدْفنُ فى مَقابرِ المسلمين؛ لقولِ النَّبىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "فَأَبَوَاهُ [يُهَودانِهِ أو يُنَصِّرانِهِ أو يُمَجسانِه] (٣٨) " (٣٩). يعنى أنَّ هذين لم يُمَجِّساه، فيَبْقَى على الفِطرَةِ. وسُئِلَ أبو عبد اللَّه عن أوْلادِ المشركين؟ فقال: أذْهَبُ إلى قولِ النَّبىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "اللَّهُ أعْلَمُ بما كَانُوا عَامِلِينَ" (٤٠). قال: وكان ابنُ عبَّاس يقولُ: "فأبوَاهُ يُهَودانِه ويُنَصِّرانِه" حتَّى سَمِع: "اللَّهُ أعْلَمُ بما كَانُوا عَامِلِينَ". فتَرَكَ قولَه. وسألَه ابنُ الشافِعِىِّ، فقال: يا أبا عبد اللَّه ذَرِارِىُّ المشركين أو المسلمين؟ فقال: هذه مَسائِلُ أهلِ الزَّيْغِ. وقال أبو عبد اللَّه: سألَ بشْرُ بن السَّرِىِّ (٤١) سُفْيانَ الثَّوْرِىَّ، عن أطْفالِ المشركين، فصاحَ به، وقال: يا صَبِىّ، أَنت تسأَلُ عن هذا؟ قال أحمدُ: ونحن نُمِرُّ هذه الأحاديثَ على ما جاءَتْ، ولا نقولُ شيئًا. وسُئِلَ عن أطْفالِ المسلمين، فقال: ليس فيه اختلافٌ أنَّهم فى الجنَّةِ. وذكَرُوا له حديثَ
(٣٧) فى م: "إنه".(٣٨) فى ب: "يهودانه وينصرانه ويمجسانه".(٣٩) تقدم تخريجه، فى: ١٢/ ٢٧٨.(٤٠) أخرجه البخارى، فى: باب ما قيل فى أولاد المشركين، من كتاب الجنائز. صحيح البخارى ٢/ ١٢٥. ومسلم، فى: باب معنى كل مولود يولد على الفطرة، . . .، من كتاب القدر. صحيح مسلم ٤/ ٢٠٤٨، ٢٠٤٩. وأبو داود، فى: باب فى ذرارى المشركين، من كتاب السنة. سنن أبى داود ٢/ ٥٣١. والنسائى، فى: باب أولاد المشركين، من كتاب الجنائز. المجتبى ٤/ ٤٧، ٤٨. والإمام أحمد، فى: المسند ٢/ ٢٥٣، ٢٥٩، ٣١٥، ٤٦٤، ٤٨١، ٥١٨.(٤١) بشر بن السرى الأفوه، كان فصيحا بالمواعظ، مفوها، ذا صلاح، توفى سنة خمس وتسعين ومائة. العبر ١/ ٣١٨.
