it is an animal under one’s control (maqdur 'alayhi), so it is not permitted except through dhabihah (slaughtering), just like a camel or a cow.
1727 - Issue; He said: (If what is usually nahr [slaughtered by piercing the base of the throat] is slaughtered by dhabh, or what is usually slaughtered by dhabh is nahr, it is lawful).
This is the opinion of the majority of the scholars, including 'Ata', al-Zuhri, Qatadah, Malik, al-Layth, al-Thawri, Abu Hanifah, al-Shafi'i, Ishaq, and Abu Thawr. It is narrated from Dawud that camels are not made lawful except by nahr, and others are not made lawful except by dhabh, because Allah the Almighty said: "Indeed, Allah commands you to slaughter (tadhbahu) a cow" (1). A command implies obligation. He also said: "So pray to your Lord and sacrifice (wanhar)" (2). Furthermore, because the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) performed nahr on the budn (sacrificial camels) and dhabh on the sheep, and rulings are only taken from his practice. It is narrated from Malik (3) that for camels, only nahr is sufficient, because their necks are long, so if they are slaughtered by dhabh, they are tortured by the exit of their soul. Ibn al-Mundhir said: He merely disliked it and did not forbid it. Our evidence is the saying of the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace): "Let the blood flow however you wish" (4). Asma' said: We performed nahr on a horse during the time of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace), and we ate it while we were in Medina (5). From 'Aishah, she said: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) performed nahr on a single cow during the Farewell Pilgrimage (6). Also, because it is a dhakah (ritual slaughter) in the place of dhakah, its consumption is lawful, like other animals.
1728 - Issue; He said: (And if he slaughtered it and reached the vital organs, but the soul did not depart until it fell into water, or something stepped upon it, it shall not be eaten).
Meaning (1) something stepped upon it that would usually kill it. This is what al-Khiraqi mentioned, and Ahmad explicitly stated it.
(1) Surah al-Baqarah 67. (2) Surah al-Kawthar 2. (3) In A and B: "Dawud". (4) Its extraction was mentioned previously, on page 302. (5) Extracted by al-Bukhari, in: Chapter on horse meat, from the Book of Slaughtering and Hunting. Sahih al-Bukhari 7/123. And Muslim, in: Chapter on eating horse meat, from the Book of Hunting and Slaughtering. Sahih Muslim 3/1541. And al-Nasa'i, in: Chapter on the dispensation to perform nahr on what is usually slaughtered by dhabh, and Chapter on performing nahr on what is usually slaughtered by dhabh, from the Book of Sacrifices. Al-Mujtaba 7/200, 204. And Ibn Majah, in: Chapter on horse meat, from the Book of Slaughtering. Sunan Ibn Majah 2/1064. And al-Darimi, in: Chapter on eating horse meat, from the Book of Sacrifices. Sunan al-Darimi 2/87. And Imam Ahmad, in: Al-Musnad 6/346, 353. (6) Extracted by Abu Dawud, in: Chapter on the sacrificial cow, from the Book of Hajj Rites. Sunan Abi Dawud 1/406. And Ibn Majah, in: Chapter on how many people a camel or a cow suffices for, from the Book of Sacrifices. Sunan Ibn Majah 2/1047. (1) In M, there is an addition: "idha".
مَقْدُورٌ عليه، فلم يُبَحْ بغيرِ الذَّكاةِ، كالبَعِيرِ والبقَرَةِ.
١٧٢٧ - مسألة؛ قال: (فإِنْ ذُبِحَ مَا يُنْحَرُ، أَو نَحِرَ مَا يُذْبَحُ فجائِزٌ)
هذا قولُ أكثرِ أهلِ العلمِ؛ منهم عَطاءٌ، والزُّهْرِىُّ، وقَتادَةُ، ومالِكٌ، واللَّيْثُ، والثَّوْرِىُّ، وأبو حنيفَةَ، والشافِعِىُّ، وإسحاقُ، وأبو ثَوْرٍ. وحُكِىَ عن داودَ، أن الإِبْلَ لا تُباحُ إلَّا بالنَّحْرِ، ولا يُباحُ غيرُها إلَّا بالذَّبْحِ؛ لأنَّ اللَّه تعالَى قال: {إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَنْ تَذْبَحُوا بَقَرَةً} (١). والأمْرُ يقْتَضِى الوُجوبَ، وقال تعالى: {فَصَلِّ لِرَبِّكَ وَانْحَرْ} (٢). ولأنّ النَّبِىَّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- نَحَرَ البُدْنَ، وذَبَحَ الغَنَمَ، وإنَّما تُؤْخَذُ الأَحْكامُ من جِهَتِه. وحُكِىَ عن مالكٍ (٣)، أنَّه لا يُجْزِئُ فى الإِبلِ إلَّا النَّحْرُ؛ لأنَّ أعناقَها طويلَةٌ، فإذا ذُبحَ تَعَذَّبَ بخُروجِ رُوحِه. قال ابنُ المُنْذِر: إنَّما كرِهَه، ولم يُحرِّمْه. ولَنا، قولُ النَّبِىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "أمْرِرِ الدَّمَ بِمَا شِئْتَ" (٤). وقالتْ أسْماءُ: نَحَرْنا فَرَسًا على عهدِ رسولِ اللَّه -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-، فأَكَلْناه ونحنُ بالمدينَةِ (٥). وعن عائِشَةَ، قالتْ: نَحَرَ رسولُ اللَّه -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- فى حِجَّةِ الوَداعِ بَقرَةً واحدةً (٦). ولأنَّه ذَكاةٌ فى محلِّ الذَّكاةِ، فجازَ أَكْلُه، كالحيوانِ الآخَرِ.
١٧٢٨ - مسألة؛ قال: (وإِذَا ذَبَح فأَتّى عَلَى الْمَقاتِلِ، فَلَمْ تَحْرُج الرُّوحُ حَتَّى وَقَعَتْ فِى الْمَاءِ، أَوْ وَطِئَ عَلَيْهَا شَىْءٌ، لَمْ تُؤْكَلْ)
يعنى (١) وَطِئَ عليها شىءٌ يقتلُها مِثْلُه غالِبًا، وهذا الذى ذَكَرَه الْخِرَقِىُّ نَصّ عليه أحمدُ.
(١) سورة البقرة ٦٧.(٢) سورة الكوثر ٢.(٣) فى أ، ب: "داود".(٤) تقدم تخريجه، فى صفحة ٣٠٢.(٥) أخرجه البخارى، فى: باب لحوم الخيل، من كتاب الذبائح والصيد. صحيح البخارى ٧/ ١٢٣. ومسلم، فى: باب فى أكل لحوم الخيل، من كتاب الصيد والذبائح. صحيح مسلم ٣/ ١٥٤١. والنسائى، فى: باب الرخصة فى نحر ما يذبح، . . .، وباب نحر ما يذبح، من كتاب الضحايا. المجتبى ٧/ ٢٠٠، ٢٠٤. وابن ماجه، فى: باب لحوم الخيل، من كتاب الذبائح. سنن ابن ماجه ٢/ ١٠٦٤. والدارمى، فى: باب أكل لحوم الخيل، من كتاب الأضاحى. سنن الدارمى ٢/ ٨٧. والإِمام أحمد، فى: المسند ٦/ ٣٤٦، ٣٥٣.(٦) أخرجه أبو داود، فى: باب فى هدى البقر، من كتاب المناسك. سنن أبى داود ١/ ٤٠٦. وابن ماجه، فى: باب عن كم تجزئ البدنة والبقرة، من كتاب الأضاحى. سنن ابن ماجه ٢/ ١٠٤٧.(١) فى م زيادة: "إذا".
