"{By those that range in ranks}" (15). "{By the winds sent forth}" (16). "{By those that strip out greedily}" (17). The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said to the Bedouin who asked him (18) about prayer: "He has succeeded, by his father, if he is truthful" (19). He also said in the hadith of Abu al-'Ushara': "By your father, if you had pierced her thigh, it would have sufficed you" (20). Our evidence is what Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, narrated that the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, found him swearing by his father, and said: "Indeed, Allah forbids you from swearing by your fathers. Whoever is to swear, let him swear by Allah or keep silent." Umar said: "I have not sworn by it (the father) after that, neither as a narrator nor reporting it from another." This is agreed upon (21), meaning I do not even narrate it from others. It is narrated from Ibn Umar that the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: "Whoever swears by other than Allah has committed shirk (polytheism)." Al-Tirmidhi said: "This is a hasan (good) hadith" (21). It is narrated from the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, that he said: "Whoever swears by al-Lat and al-'Uzza, let him say: 'La ilaha illa Allah' (There is no god but Allah)" (22). It is also narrated from the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, that he said: "Whoever swears by a religion other than Islam while lying, he is as he said." This is agreed upon (23).
(15) Surah al-Saffat 1. (16) Surah al-Mursalat 1. (17) Surah al-Nazi'at 1. (18) Omitted from manuscripts B and M. (19) Its verification has previously appeared, in: 2/7. (20) Its verification has previously appeared, in: 13/303. (21) The verification has previously appeared, in: 11/6. (22) Recorded by al-Bukhari as a ta'liq (hanging report), in: The Chapter of Whoever Swears by a Religion Other Than the Religion of Islam, from the Book of Oaths. Sahih al-Bukhari 8/166. And Abu Dawud, in: The Chapter of Swearing by Rivals, from the Book of Oaths and Vows. Sunan Abi Dawud 2/198, 199. And al-Nasa'i, in: The Chapter of Swearing by al-Lat, from the Book of Oaths and Vows. al-Mujtaba 7/8. And Ibn Majah, in: The Chapter of the Prohibition of Swearing by Other Than Allah, from the Book of Expiations. Sunan Ibn Majah 1/678. (23) Recorded by al-Bukhari, in: The Chapter of What Was Said Concerning the Killer of a Person, from the Book of Funerals; and in: The Chapter of What is Prohibited Regarding Insults and Cursing, and the Chapter of Whoever Accuses His Brother of Disbelief, from the Book of Manners; and in: The Chapter of Whoever Swears by a Religion Other Than Islam, from the Book of Oaths. Sahih al-Bukhari 2/120, 8/18, 19, 32, 166. And Muslim, in: The Chapter of the Severity of the Prohibition of a Person Killing Himself..., from the Book of Oaths. Sahih Muslim 1/104, 105. It was also recorded by Abu Dawud, in: The Chapter of What Was Said Concerning Swearing by Innocence and by a Religion Other Than Islam, from the Book of Oaths and Vows. Sunan Abi Dawud 2/201. And al-Tirmidhi, in: The Chapter of What Was Said Concerning the Dislike of Swearing by Other Than the Religion of Islam, from the Chapters of Vows. 'Aridat al-Ahwadhi 7/28. And al-Nasa'i, in: The Chapter of Swearing by a Religion Other Than Islam, and the Chapter of Vowing Concerning What One Does Not Possess, from the Book of Oaths. al-Mujtaba 7/6, 18. And Ibn Majah, in: The Chapter of Whoever Swears by a Religion Other Than Islam, from the Book of Expiations. Sunan Ibn Majah 1/678. And Imam Ahmad, in: al-Musnad 4/33.
{وَالصَّافَّاتِ صَفًّا} (١٥). {وَالْمُرْسَلَاتِ عُرْفًا} (١٦). {وَالنَّازِعَاتِ غَرْقًا} (١٧). وقال النَّبِىُّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- للأَعْرابِىّ السائِلِ له (١٨) عن الصلاةِ: "أفْلَحَ، وأبيهِ، إنْ صَدَق" (١٩). وقال فى حديث أبى العشراء: " وَأَبيكَ لَوْ طَعَنْتَ فِى فَخِذِهَا لأَجْزَأَكَ" (٢٠). ولَنا، ما رَوَى عمرُ بنُ الخَطَّابِ، رَضِىَ اللَّهُ عنه، أَنَّ النَّبِىَّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- أَدرَكَه وهو يَحْلِفُ بأبِيه، فقال: "إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَنْهَاكُمْ أَنْ تَحْلِفُوا بِآبَائكُمْ، مَنْ كَانَ حَالِفًا فَلْيَحْلِفْ بِاللَّهِ، أو ليَصْمُتْ". قال عمرُ: فما حَلَفْت بها بعدَ ذلك، ذاكرًا ولا آثِرًا. مُتَّفَقٌ عليه (٢١). يعنى ولا حَاكِيًا لها عن غيرِى. وعن ابنِ عمر، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- قال: "مَنْ حَلَفَ بغَيْرِ اللَّهِ، فَقَدْ أشْرَكَ". قال الترمِذِىُّ: هذا حديثٌ حسنٌ (٢١). ورُوِى عن النَّبىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-، قال: "مَنْ حَلَفَ بِاللَّاتِ والْعُزَّى، فَلْيَقُلْ: لَا إِلهَ إلَّا اللَّهُ" (٢٢). ورُوِىَ عنِ النَّبِىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- أنَّه قال: "مَنْ حَلَفَ بِمِلَّةٍ غَيْرِ الْإِسْلَامِ كَاذِبًا، فَهُوَ كَما قَالَ". مُتَّفقٌ عليه (٢٣).
(١٥) سورة الصافات ١.(١٦) سورة المرسلات ١.(١٧) سورة النازعات ١.(١٨) سقط من: ب، م.(١٩) تقدم تخريجه، فى: ٢/ ٧.(٢٠) تقدم تخريجه، فى: ١٣/ ٣٠٣.(٢١) تقدم التخريج، فى: ١١/ ٦.(٢٢) أخرجه البخارى تعليقا، فى: باب من حلف بملة سوى ملة الإسلام، من كتاب الأيمان. صحيح البخارى ٨/ ١٦٦. وأبو داود، فى: باب الحلف بالأنداد، من كتاب الأيمان والنذور. سنن أبى داود ٢/ ١٩٨، ١٩٩. والنسائى، فى: باب الحلف باللات، من كتاب الأيمان والنذور. المجتبى ٧/ ٨. وابن ماجه، فى: باب النهى أن يحلف بغير اللَّه، من كتاب الكفارات. سنن ابن ماجه ١/ ٦٧٨.(٢٣) أخرجه البخارى، فى: باب ما جاء فى قاتل النفس، من كتاب الجنائز، وفى: باب ما ينهى من السباب واللعن، وباب من كَفَّر أخاه، من كتاب الأدب، وفى: باب من حلف بملة غير الإسلام، من كتاب الأيمان. صحيح البخارى ٢/ ١٢٠، ٨/ ١٨، ١٩، ٣٢، ١٦٦. ومسلم، فى: باب غلظ تحريم قتل الإنسان نفسه. . .، من كتاب الأيمان. صحيح مسلم ١/ ١٠٤، ١٠٥.كما أخرجه أبو داود، فى: باب ما جاء فى الحلف بالبراءة وبملة غير الإسلام، من كتاب الأيمان والنذور. سنن أبى داود ٢/ ٢٠١. والترمذى، فى: باب ما جاء فى كراهية الحلف بغير ملة الإسلام، من أبواب النذور. عارضة الأحوذى ٧/ ٢٨. والنسائى، فى: باب الحلف بملة سوى الإسلام، وباب النذر فيما لا يملك، من كتاب الأيمان. المجتبى ٧/ ٦، ١٨. وابن ماجه، فى: باب من حلف بملة غير الإسلام، من كتاب الكفارات. سنن ابن ماجه ١/ ٦٧٨. والإمام أحمد، فى: المسند ٤/ ٣٣.
