Section: If he feeds a needy person on one day from two different expiations, there are two views. One of them is that it suffices him, because he has fed ten needy persons for each expiation, so it suffices him just as if he had fed them over two days. [This is also because] whoever is permitted to take from two [sources] is permitted to take from one, such as the amount he is permitted to take from Zakah. The second view is that it does not suffice him except for one [expiation]; this is the statement of Abu Hanifa and Abu Yusuf, because he gave a needy person the food of two [people] in one day, so it does not suffice him except for one, just as if it were from one expiation. If two people feed him from two expiations on one day, it is permissible, and we know of no disagreement regarding its permissibility. Likewise, if one person feeds [another] from two expiations over two days, it is also permissible without any disagreement that we know of. If a person has ten expiations upon him and he has ten needy persons, and he feeds them each day one expiation, distributing it among them, it is permissible because he has fulfilled what he was commanded to do and has thus discharged his obligation. The explanation of his having fulfilled what he was commanded is that he fed ten needy persons for every expiation from the average of what he feeds his family. The rule regarding clothing is like the rule regarding food, as we have detailed.
1809 - Issue: He said: (And if he wishes, he may clothe ten needy persons; for the man, a garment that suffices him to pray in, and for the woman, a shift (dir') and a head covering (khimar)).
There is no disagreement that clothing is one of the categories of expiation, due to the text of Allah the Almighty regarding it in His Book, where He says: {or clothing them} (2). It does not enter into any expiation other than the expiation of an oath, and it does not suffice him [to provide] less than the clothing of ten needy persons, for the saying of Allah the Almighty: {its expiation is the feeding of ten needy people from the average of that which you feed your [own] families or clothing them} (2). Clothing is estimated by what suffices for prayer; if it is a man, then a garment in which prayer is valid, and if it is a woman, then a shift and a head covering.
(10) In B and M: "wāhid" (one). (11) In M: "fī" (in). (12) In M: "at'ama ithnayn" (he fed two). (13) In B and M: "wāhidan" (one). That is all. (14) Not in: The Original, A, B. (1) In M: "kaffārat al-yamīn" (expiation of an oath). (2) Surah Al-Ma'idah 89. (3) Omitted from: M.
فصل: إذا أَطعَمَ مِسْكينًا فى يومٍ واحِدٍ من كَفَّارَتَيْنِ، ففيه وَجْهان؛ أحدُهما؛ يُجْزِئُه؛ لأَنَّه أَطْعَمَ عن كُلِّ كَفَّارَةٍ عَشَرَةَ مَساكِينَ، فأَجْزَأَه، كما لو أَطْعَمَه فى يَوْمَيْنِ، ولأَنَّ مَنْ جاز له أَنْ يأخُذَ من اثْنَيْنِ، جازَ أَنْ يأخُذَ من واحِدٍ، كالقَدْرِ الذى يجوزُ له أَخْذُه من الزَّكاةِ. والثانِى، لا يُجْزِئُه إِلَّا عن واحِدَةٍ (١٠). وهو قولُ أبى حنيفةَ، وأبى يوسفَ؛ لأنَّه أَعْطَى مِسْكِينًا فى يومٍ طعامَ اثْنَيْن، فلم يُجْزِئْه إِلَّا عن واحِدةٍ (١٠)، كما لو كان مِن (١١) كَفَّارَةٍ واحِدَةٍ. وإِنْ [أطْعَمَه اثْنانِ] (١٢) من كَفَّارَتَيْن فى يومٍ واحِدٍ، جازَ. ولا نعْلَمُ فى جَوازِه خِلافًا. وكذلك إِنْ أطعَمَ [واحِدٌ واحِدًا] (١٣) من كَفَّارَتَيْنِ فى يَوْمين، جازَ أيضًا، بغيرِ خِلافٍ نَعْلَمُه. فلو كان على واحِدٍ عشرُ كَفَّاراتٍ، وعندَه عَشَرَةُ مساكِينَ، يُطْعِمُهم كُلَّ يومٍ كَفَّارَةً يُفَرِّقُها عليهم، جازَ؛ لأنَّه أَتَى بما أُمِرَ به (١٤)، فخرجَ عن عُهْدَتِه، وبَيانُ أنَّه أتَى بما أُمِرَ، أنَّه أطْعمَ عن كُل كَفَّارَةٍ عَشَرَةَ مساكِينَ من أَوْسَطِ ما يُطْعِمُ أَهْلَه، والحُكْمُ فى الكِسْوَةِ كالحُكْمِ فى الطَّعامِ، على ما فَصَّلْنا.
١٨٠٩ - مسألة؛ قال: (وَإِنْ شَاءَ كسَا عَشَرَةَ مَسَاكِينَ؛ لِلرَّجُلِ ثَوْبٌ يُجْزِئُهُ أَنْ يُصَلِّىَ فِيه، ولِلْمَرْأَةِ دِرْعٌ وَخِمَارٌ)
لا خِلافَ فى أَنَّ الكِسْوَةَ أحدُ أصْنافِ الكَفّارَةِ (١)؛ لِنَصِّ اللَّهِ تعالَى عليها فى كتابِه بقولِه تَعالى: {أَوْ كِسْوَتُهُمْ} (٢). ولا تَدْخُلُ فى كَفَّارَة غيرِ كَفّارَةِ الْيَمِينِ، ولا يُجْزِئُه أقلُّ مِن كِسْوَةِ عَشَرَةِ مَساكينَ (٣)؛ لقولِ اللَّه تعالى: {فَكَفَّارَتُهُ إِطْعَامُ عَشَرَةِ مَسَاكِينَ مِنْ أَوْسَطِ مَا تُطْعِمُونَ أَهْلِيكُمْ أَوْ كِسْوَتُهُمْ} (٢). وتتقَدَّرُ الكِسْوَةُ بما تُجْزِئُ الصلاةُ
(١٠) فى ب، م: "واحد".(١١) فى م: "فى".(١٢) فى م: "أطعم اثنين".(١٣) فى ب، م: "واحدا". فحسب.(١٤) لم يرد فى: الأصل، أ، ب.(١) فى م: "كفارة اليمين".(٢) سورة المائدة ٨٩.(٣) سقط من: م.
