1639 - Issue: He said: "And whoever among us kills one of them while [the enemy is] advancing to fight, he shall have his spoils (salab) without them being subject to the one-fifth tax (khums), whether the Imam says that or not."
In this issue, there are six sections:
First: Regarding the fact that the killer is entitled to the spoils in general, and we know of no disagreement concerning this. The basis for it is the statement of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him: "Whoever kills a disbeliever, he shall have his spoils." It was narrated by a group from the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, including Anas, Samurah ibn Jundab, and others. Abu Qatadah narrated, saying: "We went out with the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, in the year of Hunayn. When we met [the enemy], I saw a man from the polytheists who had overpowered a man from the Muslims. I maneuvered around him until I came upon him from behind, and I struck him with my sword on his shoulder blade, and he died. Then the people retreated, and the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 'Whoever kills a man, and has evidence for it, he shall have his spoils.' I stood up and said: 'Who will testify for me?' The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 'What is the matter with you, O Abu Qatadah?' I narrated the story to him. A man from the people said: 'He has spoken the truth, O Messenger of Allah; the spoils of that killed man are with me, so compensate him on my behalf.' Abu Bakr al-Siddiq said: 'No, by Allah, he would not proceed to strike at a lion from the lions of Allah Almighty, who fights for Allah and His Messenger, and then give you his spoils.' The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 'He has spoken the truth, so deliver it to him.' He said: 'So he gave them to me.'" (Agreed upon). From Anas, he said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said on the day of Hunayn: "Whoever kills a man, he shall have his spoils." Abu Talhah killed twenty men that day and took their spoils. Narrated by Abu Dawud.
(1) Omitted from M. (2) In M: "al-jama'ah" (the group). (3) This is the hadith of Abu Talhah, which will be mentioned shortly in the issue. (4) In the copies: "Khaybar". The version established here is from the sources of verification. (5) In A: "faqala" (he said). (6) "Ha": meaning the letter 'waw' used for swearing. (7) In the two Sahihs: "la ya'madu" (he would not proceed). See the discussion on "idha" in Sharh al-Nawawi 'ala Muslim 12/60. (8) Recorded by al-Bukhari, in: Chapter of whoever does not take a fifth of the spoils, from the Book of the Obligation of the Fifth, and in: Chapter of the statement of Allah Almighty: {And on the day of Hunayn, when your great number pleased you, but it availed you naught...} the verse, from the Book of Military Expeditions. Sahih al-Bukhari 4/112, 113, 5/196, 197. And Muslim, in: Chapter of the killer's entitlement to the spoils of the killed, from the Book of Jihad and Expeditions. Sahih Muslim 3/1370, 1371.
١٦٣٩ - مسألة؛ قال: (ومَنْ قَتَلَ مِنَّا أحَدًا مِنْهُمْ مُقْبِلًا على الْقِتَالِ، فَلَهُ سَلَبُهُ غَيْرَ مَخْمُوسٍ، قَالَ ذلِكَ الإِمَامُ أوْ لَمْ يَقُلْ)
فى هذه المسألةِ فصولٌ سِتَّة:
أحدُها: فى (١) أنَّ القاتلَ يسْتَحِقُّ السَّلَبَ فى الجملةِ، ولا نعلَمُ فيه خلافًا، والأصلُ فيه قولُ النَّبِىِّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-: "مَنْ قَتَلَ كَافِرًا فَلَهُ سَلَبُهُ". روَاه جَماعةٌ (٢)، عن النَّبِىِّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-؛ منهم أنَسٌ، وسَمُرَةُ بنُ جُنْدَبٍ، وغيرُهما (٣)، ورَوَى أبو قتادَةَ، قال: خَرَجْنا مع رسولِ اللَّه -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- عامَ حُنَيْنٍ (٤)، فلمَّا الْتَقَينا، رأيتُ رجُلًا من المشركِينَ قدْ عَلَا رجُلًا من المسلمين، فاسْتَدَرْتُ له حتى أتَيْتُه من وَرائِه، فضرَبْتُه بالسَّيفِ على حَبْلِ عاتِقِه ضَرْبةً، فأدْرَكه الموتُ، ثمَّ إنَّ الناسَ رجَعُوا، وقال (٥) رسول اللَّه -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-: "مَنْ قَتَلَ قَتِيلًا، لَهُ عَلَيْه بَيِّنَةٌ، فَلَهُ سَلَبُهُ". قال: فقُمْتُ فقُلْتُ: مَنْ يشْهَدُ لى؟ فقال رسولُ اللَّه -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-: "مالَكَ يَا أبَا قَتادَةَ؟ ". فاقْتَصَصْتُ عليه القصَّةَ، فقال رجلٌ من القومِ: صدقَ يا رسولَ اللَّه، سَلَبُ ذلك القتيلِ عندى، فأرْضِه منه، فقال أبو بكرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ: لاهَا (٦) اللهِ، إذًا يَعْمِدُ (٧) إلى أسَدٍ من أُسْدِ اللَّه تعالى، يُقاتل عن اللهِ وعن رسولِه، فيُعْطِيك سَلَبَه. فقال رسول اللَّه -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-: "صَدَقَ، فَأسْلِمْهُ إلَيْهِ". قال: فأعْطانِيه. مُتَّفَقٌ عليه (٨)، وعن أنَسٍ، قال: قال رسولُ اللَّه -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- يومَ حُنَيْنٍ: "مَنْ قَتَلَ قَتِيلًا، فَلَهُ
(١) سقط من: م.(٢) فى م: "الجماعة".(٣) هذا حديث أبى طلحة، الذى يأتى قريبا فى المسألة.(٤) فى النسخ: "خيبر". والمثبت من مصادر التخريج.(٥) فى أ: "فقال".(٦) ها: بمعنى الواو التى يقسم بها.(٧) فى الصحيحين: "لا يعمد". وانظر الكلام على: "إذا" فى شرح النووى على مسلم ١٢/ ٦٠.(٨) أخرجه البخارى، فى: باب من لم يخمس الأسلاب، من كتاب فرض الخمس، وفى: باب قول اللَّه تعالى: {وَيَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ إِذْ أَعْجَبَتْكُمْ كَثْرَتُكُمْ فَلَمْ تُغْنِ عَنْكُمْ شَيْئًا. . .} الآية، من كتاب المغازى. صحيح البخارى ٤/ ١١٢، ١١٣، ٥/ ١٩٦، ١٩٧. ومسلم، فى: باب استحقاق القاتل سلب القتيل، من كتاب الجهاد والسير. صحيح مسلم ٣/ ١٣٧٠، ١٣٧١.=
