He said: Whatever he inherits from so-and-so (2), it is for the poor. They mentioned that he said: "He shall feed ten poor people." Rabi'ah said: "He shall give in charity from it an amount equivalent to Zakat; because the unrestricted is understood according to the custom of the Law, and nothing is obligatory in the Law except the amount of Zakat." On the authority of Jabir ibn Zayd, he said: "If it is a large amount, which is two thousand, he shall give ten in charity; if it is moderate, which is one thousand, he shall give seven; and if it is a small amount, which is five hundred, he shall give five." Abu Hanifah said: "He shall give his entire Zakat-eligible wealth in charity." Regarding other than that, there are two narrations from him: one of them is that he shall give it in charity, and the second is that nothing of it is obligatory upon him. Al-Nakha'i, al-Batti, and al-Shafi'i said: "He shall give his entire wealth in charity," based on the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings of God be upon him): "Whoever vows to obey God, let him obey Him" (3). And because it is a vow of obedience, so fulfilling it is binding, like a vow of prayer or fasting. Our evidence is the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings of God be upon him) to Abu Lubabah when he said: "Part of my repentance is to divest myself of my wealth as charity to God and His Messenger." He said: "The third suffices you" (5). On the authority of Ka'b ibn Malik, he said: "I said: O Messenger of God, part of my repentance is to divest myself of my wealth as charity to God and His Messenger." The Messenger of God (peace and blessings of God be upon him) said: "Keep some of your wealth for yourself." Agreed upon (6). And in the narration of Abu Dawud: "The third suffices you." If they say: "This is not a vow; rather, he intended charity with all of it, so the Prophet (peace and blessings of God be upon him) commanded him to limit it to a third of it, [just as he commanded Sa'd when he intended to bequeath all his wealth, to limit it to a bequest of one-third] (7), and this is not the point of contention,"
(2) In [B]: "his father". (3) Its documentation preceded, on page 621. (4) In [B]: "so it is binding upon him". (5) Recorded by Imam Malik, in: Chapter: Comprehensive Book of Oaths, from the Book of Vows. Al-Muwatta 2/481. And Abd al-Razzaq, in: Chapter: He who says 'my wealth is in the path of God', from the Book of Oaths and Vows. Al-Musannaf 8/484. (6) Recorded by al-Bukhari, in: Chapter: If one gives in charity or makes an endowment of some of his wealth..., from the Book of Bequests; and in: Chapter: Surah al-Tawbah, from the Book of Exegesis; and in: Chapter: If he dedicates his wealth by way of vow and repentance, from the Book of Oaths and Vows. Sahih al-Bukhari 4/9, 6/87, 88, 8/175. And Muslim, in: Chapter: The Hadith of the Repentance of Ka'b ibn Malik and his two companions, from the Book of Repentance. Sahih Muslim 4/2127. It was also recorded by Abu Dawud, in: Chapter: Whoever vows to give his wealth in charity, from the Book of Oaths and Vows. Sunan Abi Dawud 2/215. And al-Nasa'i, in: Chapter: If he dedicates his wealth by way of a vow, from the Book of Oaths and Vows. Al-Mujtaba 7/21, 22. And Imam Ahmad, in: Al-Musnad 3/454, 456, 459, 6/389. (7) Dropped from [B]. Refer to [original] source. The Hadith of Sa'd was documented previously, on 6/37.
قال: ما يَرِثُ عن فُلانٍ (٢)، فهو لِلمساكينِ. فذكروا أنَّه قال: يُطْعِمُ عشَرةَ مَساكينَ. وقال رَبِيعةُ: يتصَدَّقُ منه بقَدْرِ الزَّكاةِ؛ لأنَّ المطْلَقَ مَحمولٌ على مَعْهودِ الشَّرْعِ، ولا يجِبُ فى الشَّرْعِ إِلَّا قَدْرُ الزَّكاةِ. وعن جابرِ بنِ زيدٍ، قال: إِنْ كان كثيرًا، وهو ألْفانِ، تصَدَّقَ بِعشرةٍ، وإن كان مُتَوسِّطًا وهو ألفٌ، تصَدَّقَ بسبعةٍ، وإن كان قليلًا، وهو خَمْسُمائةٍ، تصَدَّقَ بخَمسةٍ. وقال أبو حنيفةَ: يتصَدَّقُ بالمالِ الزَّكَوىِّ كلِّه. وعنه فى غيرِه رِوايَتان؛ إحداهما، يتصَدَّقُ به. والثانية، لا يَلْزَمه منه شىءٌ. وقال النَّخَعِىُّ، والْبَتِّىُّ، والشافعىُّ: يتصَدَّقُ بمالِه كلِّه، لقولِ النَّبِىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "مَنْ نَذَرَ أن يُطِيعَ اللَّه فَلْيُطِعْهُ" (٣). ولأنَّه نَذْرُ طاعةٍ، فلَزِمَه (٤) الوفاءُ به، كنذْرِ الصلاةِ والصيامِ. ولَنا، قولُ النَّبِىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- لأبى لُبَابةَ، حين قال: إِنَّ مِن تَوبتِى أَنْ أنخلِعَ بن مالِى صَدَقةً إلى اللَّهِ وإلى رسولِه. فقال: "يُجْزِئُكَ الثُّلُثُ" (٥). وعن كعبِ بنِ مالكٍ، قال: قلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّه، إِنَّ مِن تَوْبَتِى أَنْ أنْخلِعَ من مالى صَدَقةً إلى اللَّهِ وإلى رسولِه. فقال رسولُ اللَّهِ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "أَمْسِكْ عَلَيْكَ بَعْضَ مَالِكَ". مُتَّفَقٌ عليه (٦). ولأَبى داودَ: "يُجْزِئُ عَنْكَ الثُّلُثُ". فإنْ قالوا: هذا ليس بنَذْرٍ، وإنَّما أرادَ الصدقةَ بجَمِيعِه، فأمرَه النَّبِىُّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- بالاقْتِصارِ على ثُلثِه، [كما أمرَ سعدًا حين أرادَ الوَصِيَّةَ بِجَميعِ مالِه، بالاقْتِصارِ على الوَصِيَّةِ بثُلثِه] (٧)، وليس هذا مَحَلَّ النِّزاعِ،
(٢) فى ب: "والده".(٣) تقدم تخريجه، فى: صفحة ٦٢١.(٤) فى ب: "فيلزمه".(٥) أخرجه الإمام مالك، فى: باب جامع الأيمان، من كتاب النذور. الموطأ ٢/ ٤٨١. وعبد الرزاق، فى: باب من قال: مالى فى سبيل اللَّه، من كتاب الأيمان والنذور. المصنف ٨/ ٤٨٤.(٦) أخرجه البخارى، فى: باب إذا تصدق أو أوقف بعض ماله. . .، من كتاب الوصايا، وفى: باب سورة التوبة، من كتاب التفسير، وفى: باب إذا أهدى ماله على وجه النذر والتوبة، من كتاب الأيمان والنذور. صحيح البخارى ٤/ ٩، ٦/ ٨٧، ٨٨، ٨/ ١٧٥. ومسلم، فى: باب حديث توبة كعب بن مالك وصاحبيه، من كتاب التوبة. صحيح مسلم ٤/ ٢١٢٧.كما أخرجه أبو داود، فى: باب من نذر أن يتصدق بماله، من كتاب الأيمان والنذور. سنن أبى داود ٢/ ٢١٥. والنسائى، فى: باب إذا أهدى ما له على وجه النذر، من كتاب الأيمان والنذور. المجتبى ٧/ ٢١، ٢٢. والإمام أحمد، فى: المسند ٣/ ٤٥٤، ٤٥٦، ٤٥٩، ٦/ ٣٨٩.(٧) سقط من: ب. نقل نظر. وحديث سعد تقدم تخريجه، فى: ٦/ ٣٧.