Dawud recorded it and said: It is (66) an odd (munkar) hadith. We say: Al-Khallal recorded it with his chain of narration through two paths, so perhaps Abu Dawud weakened it because he only encountered one of the two paths.
A permitted type [of musical instrument] is the daff (hand drum), for the Prophet (peace and blessings of God be upon him) said: "Publicize the marriage and beat the daff for it." Recorded by Muslim (67). Our companions and the companions of al-Shafi'i mentioned that it is disliked (makruh) in contexts other than marriage, because it is narrated from Umar that whenever he heard the sound of a daff, he would send someone to check; if it was at a wedding feast, he remained silent, but if it was otherwise, he would strike with his whip (68).
Our evidence is what was narrated from the Prophet (peace and blessings of God be upon him), that a woman came to him and said: "I have vowed, if you return safely from your journey, to beat the daff over your head (69)." The Prophet (peace and blessings of God be upon him) said: "Fulfill your vow." Recorded by Abu Dawud (70). If it were disliked, he would not have commanded her to do it even though it was vowed.
Al-Rubayyi' bint Mu'awwidh narrated, saying: The Messenger of God (peace and blessings of God be upon him) entered upon me on the morning of my wedding, and young girls began beating their daff and mourning those of my fathers who were killed on the day of Badr, until one of them said: "And among us is a Prophet who knows what is in the future." He said: "Leave this, and say what you were saying." Muttafaq 'alayh (agreed upon) (71).
As for beating it for men, it is disliked in all cases, because it was only beaten by women and the mukhannathun (effeminate men) (72) who resemble them. Thus, in men beating it, there is an imitation of women, and the Prophet (peace and blessings of God be upon him) cursed the men who imitate women (73). As for beating
(66) In B: "this". (67) Its recording was previously mentioned in: 9/468. (68) Recorded by Abd al-Razzaq, in: The Chapter on Singing and the Daff, from the book Al-Jami'. Al-Musannaf 11/5. (69) Omitted from: A, B. (70) Its recording was previously mentioned in: page 5. (71) Recorded by al-Bukhari, in: The Chapter "Khalifa narrated to us, Muhammad narrated to us", from the Book of Military Expeditions (al-Maghazi), and in: The Chapter on Beating the Daff in Marriage and the Wedding Feast, from the Book of Marriage. Sahih al-Bukhari 5/105, 7/25. It was also recorded by Abu Dawud, in: The Chapter on the Prohibition of Singing, from the Book of Manners. Sunan Abi Dawud 2/578. And al-Tirmidhi, in: The Chapter on what has been said regarding the publicizing of marriage, from the Chapters on Marriage. 'Aridat al-Ahwadhi 4/309. And Ibn Majah, in: The Chapter on Singing and the Daff, from the Book of Marriage. Sunan Ibn Majah 1/611. And Imam Ahmad, in: Al-Musnad 6/359, 360. It is not in Sahih Muslim, see: Tuhfat al-Ashraf 11/301, 302. (72) In the original: "or the mukhannathun". (73) Recorded by al-Bukhari, in: The Chapter on men who imitate women and women who imitate men, from the Book of Clothing. Sahih al-Bukhari
داودَ روَاه، وقال: هو (٦٦) حديثٌ مُنكَرٌ. قُلْنا: قد روَاه الخَلَّالُ بإسْنادِه من طريقَيْنِ، فلعلَّ أبا داودَ ضعَّفَه لأَنَّه لم يقَعْ له إِلَّا مِن إحْدَى الطَّريقَيْنِ. وضَربٌ مُباحٌ؛ وهو الدُّفُّ؛ فإِنَّ النَّبِىَّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- قال: "أَعْلِنُوا النِّكَاحَ، وَاضْرِبُوا عَلَيْهِ بِالدُّفِّ". أخْرجَه مسلمٌ (٦٧). وذكرَ أصحابُنا، وأصْحابُ الشَّافعىِّ، أنَّه مَكْروهٌ فى غيرِ النِّكاحِ؛ لأَنَّه يُرْوَى عن عمرَ، أنَّه كان إذا سمِعَ صَوْتَ الدُّفِّ، بعَثَ فنظَرَ، فإن كان فى وَليمةٍ سكَتَ، وإن كانَ فى غيرِها، عَمَدَ بالدِّرَّةِ (٦٨). ولَنا، ما رُوِىَ عن النَّبِىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-، أَنَّ امرأةً جاءَته، فقالتْ: إنِّى نَذَرْتُ إن رجعْتَ من سفَرِك سالمًا، أن أضْرِبَ على رأسِكَ بالدُّفِّ (٦٩). فقال النَّبِىُّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "أَوْفِ بِنَذْرِكِ". روَاه أبو داودَ (٧٠). ولو كانَ مَكروهًا لم يأمُرْها به وإن كان مَنْذورًا. ورَوَتِ الرُّبَيِّعُ بنتُ مُعَوِّذٍ، قالت: دخلَ علىَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- صبِيحةَ بُنِىَ بى، فجَعَلَتْ جُوَيْريَاتٌ يَضْربنَ بدُفِّ لهنَّ، ويَنْدُبْنَ مَن قُتِلَ مِن آبائى يومَ بَدْرٍ، إلى أن قالَتْ إحداهُنَّ: وفينا نَبىٌّ يَعْلَمُ ما فى غَدٍ. فقال: "دَعِى هَذَا، وَقُولِى الَّذِى كُنْتِ تَقُولِينَ". مُتَّفقٌ عليه (٧١). وأما الضَّرْبُ به للرِّجالِ فمَكروهٌ على كلِّ حالٍ؛ لأَنَّه إنَّما كان يَضْرِبُ به النِّساءُ، والمُخَنَّثُون (٧٢) المُتَشبِّهون بهِنَّ، ففى ضَرْب الرِّجالِ به تَشَبُّهٌ بالنِّساءِ، وقد لَعَنَ النَّبِىُّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- المُتشبِّهين مِنَ الرِّجالِ بالنِّساءِ (٧٣). فأمَّا الضَّرْبُ
(٦٦) فى ب: "هذا".(٦٧) تقدم تخريجه، فى: ٩/ ٤٦٨.(٦٨) أخرجه عبد الرزاق، فى: باب الغناء والدف، من كتاب الجامع. المصنف ١١/ ٥.(٦٩) سقط من: أ، ب.(٧٠) تقدم تخريجه، فى: صفحة ٥.(٧١) أخرجه البخارى، فى: باب حدثنى خليفة حدثنا محمد، من كتاب المغازى، وفى: باب ضرب الدف فى النكاح والوليمة، من كتاب النكاح. صحيح البخارى ٥/ ١٠٥، ٧/ ٢٥.كما أخرجه أبو داود، فى: باب فى النهى عن الغناء، من كتاب الأدب. سنن أبى داود ٢/ ٥٧٨. والترمذى، فى: باب ما جاء فى إعلان النكاح، من أبواب النكاح. عارضة الأحوذى ٤/ ٣٠٩. وابن ماجه، فى: باب الغناء والدف، من كتاب النكاح. سنن ابن ماجه ١/ ٦١١. والإمام أحمد، فى: المسند ٦/ ٣٥٩، ٣٦٠. وليس فى صحيح مسلم، انظر: تحفة الأشراف ١١/ ٣٠١، ٣٠٢.(٧٢) فى الأصل: "أو المخنثون".(٧٣) أخرجه البخارى، فى: باب المتشبهون بالنساء والمتشبهات بالرجال، من كتاب اللباس. صحيح البخارى =
