return it to his hands, because the hand (possession) is evidence of ownership, so it is returned to his hand so that its indication might be established for him. Muhanna said: I asked Abu Abd Allah about a man who claimed a house that was in the possession of a man, and he produced two witnesses; one of them testified that this house belongs to so-and-so, and the other said: I testify that this house is the house of so-and-so. He said: Their testimony is valid.
Section: Whoever testifies regarding marriage, must mention its conditions, because people differ regarding its conditions, so it is mandatory to mention them, so that the witness does not hold the belief that the marriage is valid while it is invalid. If he testifies regarding a contract other than it, such as sale and leasing, is it a condition to mention its conditions? There are two narrations. One of them: It is a condition to mention them, because people differ regarding its conditions, so requiring their mention is like marriage. The second: It is not a condition to mention its conditions, because it is not required to mention them in the claim, so it is the same in the testimony regarding it, unlike marriage. If he testifies regarding suckling (breastfeeding), he must mention that he drank from her breast, or from milk expressed from it, and the number of sucklings, because people differ regarding the number of sucklings and regarding the suckling that prohibits (marriage). If he testifies that he is her son through suckling, it is not sufficient, because of the disagreement of people regarding that through which he becomes her son, and it must be mentioned that this was within the two years. If he testifies regarding killing, the killing must be described, so he says: He wounded him, so he killed him, or he struck him with such-and-such, so he killed him. If he said: He struck him, so he died, it shall not be judged by that, because it is possible that he died from something other than this. It has been narrated from Shurayh that a man testified before him, saying: I testify that he leaned on him with his elbow, so he died. Shurayh said to him: Did he die because of it, or did he kill him? He repeated the first statement, and Shurayh repeated his question to him, and he did not say:
(13) In the original: "their indication". (14) In B, there is an addition: "he said, I testify". (15) In the original: "to so-and-so". (16) Omitted from: A, B. (17) In B: "valid". (18) Omitted from: the original.
رَدَّه إلى يَدَيْه؛ لأنَّ اليدَ دليلُ المِلْكِ، فتُرَدُّ إلى يَدِه، لتكونَ دلالتُها (١٣) ثابتةً له. قال مُهَنَّا: سألتُ أبا عبدِ اللَّه، عن رجلٍ ادَّعَى دارًا فى يَد رجلٍ، وأقامَ شاهِدَيْنِ، شهِدَ أحدُهما (١٤) أَنَّ هذه الدَّارَ لفُلانٍ، وقال الآخَرُ: أشْهَدُ أَنَّ هذه الدَّارَ دارُ فلانٍ (١٥). قال: شَهادتُهما جائزةٌ.
فصل: ومَن شهِدَ بالنِّكاحِ، فلابُدَّ مِن ذِكْرِ شُروطِه؛ لأنَّ النَّاسَ يَخْتلفُون فى شُروطِه، فيَجِبُ ذِكْرُها، لئَلَّا يكونَ الشاهِدُ يعْتَقِدُ أَنَّ (١٦) النِّكاحَ صحيحٌ (١٧)، وهو فاسدٌ. وإن شهِدَ بعَقْدٍ سِوَاهُ؛ كالبَيْعِ، والإِجارةِ، فهل يُشْترَطُ ذِكْرُ شُروطِه؟ على رِوَايتَيْن؛ إحْداهما، يُشْترَطُ ذِكْرُها؛ لأنَّ الناسَ يخْتلِفون فى شُروطِه، فاشْتِراطُ ذكْرِها كالنِّكاحِ. والثانية، لا يُشْترَطُ ذِكْرُ شُروطِه؛ لأنَّه لا يُشْتَرطُ ذكرُها فى الدَّعْوَى، فكذلك فى الشَّهادةِ به (١٨)، بخلافِ النِّكاحِ. وإن شهِدَ بالرَّضاعِ، فلابُدَّ من ذِكْرِ أنَّه شَرِبِ من ثَدْيها، أو مِن لَبَنٍ حُلِبَ منه، وعَدَدِ الرَّضَعاتِ؛ لأنَّ الناسَ يختْلِفون فى عَدَدِ الرَّضَعاتِ، وفى الرَّضاعِ (١٨) المُحرِّمِ. وإن شهِدَ أنَّه ابْنُها من الرَّضاعِ، لم يَكْفِ؛ لاخْتلافِ الناس فيما يصِيرُ به ابْنَها، ولابُدَّ من ذِكْرِ أَنَّ ذلك كان فى الحَوْلَيْنِ. وإن شَهِدَ بالقَتْلِ، فلابُدَّ مِن وَصْفِ القَتْلِ، فيقولُ: جَرَحَه فقتلَه، أو ضرَبَه بكذا فقتلَه. ولو قال: ضَرَبَه فماتَ. لم يُحْكَمْ بذلك؛ لجَوازِ أن يكونَ ماتَ بغيرِ هذا. وقد رُوِىَ عن شُرَيْحٍ، أنَّه شهِدَ عندَه رجلٌ، فقال: أشْهَدُ أنَّه اتَّكأَ عليه بمِرْفَقِه، فماتَ. فقال له شُرَيْحٌ: فماتَ منه، أو فقتلَه؟ فأعادَ القولَ الأوَّلَ، وأعادَ عليه (١٨) شُرَيْحٌ سُؤالَه، فلم يَقُلْ:
(١٣) فى الأصل: "دلالتهما".(١٤) فى ب زيادة: "قال أشهد".(١٥) فى الأصل: "لفلان".(١٦) سقط من: أ، ب.(١٧) فى ب: "صحيحا".(١٨) سقط من: الأصل.
