Section: Is it permissible for a woman to give charity from her husband's wealth in small amounts without his permission? There are two narrations [in our school]. One of them is that it is permissible; this is because Aisha said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "Whatever a woman spends from her husband's house, without causing waste, she shall have her reward, and he shall have the like of it for what he earned, and she shall have [reward] for what she spent, and the keeper shall have the like of that, without any of their rewards being diminished in the least." He did not mention [any requirement for] permission. Also, from Asma', she came to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and said: "O Messenger of Allah, I have nothing except what al-Zubayr brings to me, so is there any blame on me if I give a small gift (ardakha) from what he brings to me?" He replied: "Give a small gift as you are able, and do not withhold (tu'i), lest [it be] withheld (yu'a) from you." [Both are] agreed upon. It was also narrated that a woman came to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and said: "O Messenger of Allah, we are dependents upon our husbands and our fathers, so what is lawful for us from their wealth?" He said: "The fresh produce (al-ratb) that you eat, and give as a gift."
(10) Meaning: Give a small amount. (11) Meaning: Do not be stingy with the expenditure. (12) In Sahih Muslim: "Allah will withhold from you." (13) The first was recorded by al-Bukhari, in: Chapter on one who commands his servant to give charity and does not hand it over himself, Chapter on the reward of the servant if he gives charity..., Chapter on the reward of the woman if she gives charity..., from the Book of Zakat, and in Chapter on the saying of Allah the Almighty: {Spend from the good things which you have earned} from the Book of Transactions. Sahih al-Bukhari 2/139, 141, 142, 3/73. And Muslim, in: Chapter on the reward of the trustworthy treasurer and the woman if she gives charity, from the Book of Zakat. Sahih Muslim 2/710. It was also recorded by Abu Dawud, in: Chapter on the woman giving charity from her husband's house, from the Book of Zakat. Sunan Abi Dawud 1/391, 392. And al-Tirmidhi, in: Chapter on the maintenance of a woman from her husband's house, from the Chapters of Zakat. 'Aridat al-Ahwadhi 3/177. And al-Nasa'i, in: Chapter on the woman's charity from her husband's house, from the Book of Zakat. Al-Mujtaba 5/49. And Ibn Majah, in: Chapter on what a woman has from her husband's wealth, from the Book of Commerce. Sunan Ibn Majah 2/770. And Imam Ahmad, in: Al-Musnad 6/44. The second [hadith] was recorded by al-Bukhari, in: Chapter on charity as much as one is able, from the Book of Zakat, and in: Chapter on a woman's gift to someone other than her husband..., from the Book of Gifts. Sahih al-Bukhari 2/141, 3/203. And Muslim, in: Chapter on the encouragement of spending and the dislike of hoarding/counting, from the Book of Zakat. Sahih Muslim 2/714. It was also recorded by al-Nasa'i, in: Chapter on counting/hoarding in charity, from the Book of Zakat. Al-Mujtaba 5/55. And Imam Ahmad, in: Al-Musnad 6/345, 346, 353. (14) Al-Ratb: That which cannot be stored and does not last, such as fruits and vegetables.
فصل: وهل يجوزُ للمرأةِ الصَّدَقَةُ من مَالِ زَوْجِها بالشىءِ اليَسِيرِ، بغير إِذْنِه؟ على رِوَايَتَيْنِ؛ إحْداهما، الجَوَازُ؛ لأنَّ عَائِشَةَ قالت: قال رسول اللَّه -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-: "مَا أَنْفَقَتِ الْمرأةُ مِنْ بَيْتِ زَوْجِها، غَيْرَ مُفْسِدَةٍ، كَانَ لَهَا أَجْرُها، وَلَهُ مِثْلُه بِمَا كَسَبَ، وَلَهَا بِمَا أَنْفَقَتْ، ولِلْخَازِنِ مِثْلُ ذلِكَ، مِنْ غَيْرِ أن يُنْتَقَصَ مِنْ أُجُورِهِمْ شَىْءٌ". ولَم يَذْكُرْ إِذْنًا. وعن أسماءَ، أنَّها جَاءَتِ النَّبِيَّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-، فقالت: يا رسولَ اللهِ ليس لِى شىءٌ إلَّا ما أدْخَلَ عَلَيَّ الزُّبَيْرُ، فهل عَلَيَّ جُنَاحٌ أن أرْضَخَ (١٠) مِمَّا يُدْخِلُ عَلَيَّ؟ فقال: "ارْضَخِى ما اسْتَطَعْتِ، ولا تُوعِى (١١)، فَيُوعَى (١٢) عَلَيْكِ". مُتَّفَقٌ عليهما (١٣). ورُوِىَ أن امرأةً أَتَتِ النَّبِيَّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-، فقالتْ: يا رسول اللهِ إنَّا كَلٌّ على أزْوَاجِنا وآبائِنا، فما يَحِلُّ لنا من أَمْوَالِهِمْ؟ قال: "الرَّطْبُ (١٤) تَأْكُلِينَه،
(١٠) أى: أعطى شيئا قليلا.(١١) أى: لا تشحى بالنفقة.(١٢) فى صحيح مسلم: "فيوعى اللَّه".(١٣) أخرج الأوَّل، البخارى فى: باب من أمر خادمه بالصدقة ولم يناول بنفسه، وباب أجر الخادم إذا تصدق. . .، وباب أجر المرأة إذا تصدقت. . .، من كتاب الزكاة، وفى باب قول اللَّه تعالى: {أَنْفِقُوا مِنْ طَيِّبَاتِ مَا كَسَبْتُمْ}. من كتاب البيوع. صحيح البخارى ٢/ ١٣٩، ١٤١، ١٤٢، ٣/ ٧٣. ومسلم، فى: باب أجر الخازن الأمين والمرأة إذا تصدقت، من كتاب الزكاة. صحيح مسلم ٢/ ٧١٠.كما أخرجه أبو داود، فى: باب المرأة تتصدق من بيت زوجها، من كتاب الزكاة. سنن أبي داود ١/ ٣٩١، ٣٩٢. والترمذى، فى: باب فى نفقة المرأة من بيت زوجها، من أبواب الزكاة. عارضة الأحوذى ٣/ ١٧٧. والنسائي، فى: باب صَدَقَة المرأة من بيت زوجها، من كتاب الزكاة. المجتبى ٥/ ٤٩. وابن ماجه، فى: باب ما للمرأة من مال زوجها، من كتاب التجارات. سنن ابن ماجه ٢/ ٧٧٠. والإِمام أحمد، فى: المسند ٦/ ٤٤.والثاني أخرجه البخارى، فى: باب الصدقة فى ما استطاع، من كتاب الزكاة، وفى: باب هبة المرأة لغير زوجها. . .، من كتاب الهبة. صحيح البخارى ٢/ ١٤١، ٣/ ٢٠٣. ومسلم، فى: باب الحث فى الإنفاق وكراهة الإحصاء، من كتاب الزكاة. صحيح مسلم ٢/ ٧١٤.كما أخرجه النسائي، فى: باب الإحصاء فى الصدقة، من كتاب الزكاة. المجتبى ٥/ ٥٥. والإِمام أحمد، فى: المسند ٦/ ٣٤٥، ٣٤٦، ٣٥٣.(١٤) الرّطْبُ: ما لا يدخر ولا يبقى كالفواكه والبقول.
