In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
Book of Hire (Al-Ijarah)
The fundamental basis for the permissibility of hire is the Book (Quran), the Sunnah, and consensus (Ijma'). As for the Book, it is the saying of Allah the Almighty: {Then if they suckle for you, give them their due reward} [Surah Al-Talaq: 6]. And He also said: {One of them said: "O my father, hire him! Truly the best of men for you to employ is the man who is strong and trusty." He said: "I intend to wed one of these my two daughters to you, on condition that you serve me for eight years; but if you complete ten years, it will be (grace) from you"} [Surah Al-Qasas: 26-27]. Ibn Majah narrated in his "Sunan" from Utbah ibn al-Nudayr, who said: We were with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and he recited "Ta Sin," until when he reached the story of Musa, he said: "Musa (peace be upon him) hired himself out for eight or ten years, for the sake of his chastity and the food for his stomach." And Allah the Almighty said: {Then they both found therein a wall, on the point of falling, and he repaired it. He said: "If you had wished, surely you could have taken wages for it"} [Surah Al-Kahf: 77]. This indicates the permissibility of taking wages for repairing it. As for the Sunnah, it is established that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and Abu Bakr hired a man from the Banu al-Dil as a skilled guide. Al-Bukhari narrated from Abu Hurayrah that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "Allah the Almighty said: There are three whom I will oppose on the Day of Resurrection: A man who gives in My name then betrays, a man who sells a free person and consumes his price, and a man who
(1) Surah Al-Talaq: 6. (2) Surah Al-Qasas: 26, 27. (3) In: Chapter on hiring a worker for the food of his stomach, from the Book of Pledges (Al-Ruhun). Sunan Ibn Majah 2/817. (4) Surah Al-Kahf: 77. (5) Al-Khirrit: Is one who is skilled in guidance. The hadith is recorded by Al-Bukhari, in: Chapter on hiring polytheists in times of necessity..., and Chapter on if one hires a worker to work for him after three days..., from the Book of Hire (Al-Ijarah), and in: Chapter on the Hijrah of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and his companions to Medina, from the Book of the Merits of the Ansar. Sahih Al-Bukhari 3/116, 5/76.
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ
كتاب الإِجاراتِ
الأصْلُ في جَوَازِ الإِجَارَةِ الكِتَابُ والسُّنَّةُ، والإِجْمَاعُ. أمَّا الكِتَابُ، فقولُ اللَّه تعالى: {فَإِنْ أَرْضَعْنَ لَكُمْ فَآتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ} (١). وقال تعالى: {قَالَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا يَاأَبَتِ اسْتَأْجِرْهُ إِنَّ خَيْرَ مَنِ اسْتَأْجَرْتَ الْقَوِيُّ الْأَمِينُ (٢٦) قَالَ إِنِّي أُرِيدُ أَنْ أُنْكِحَكَ إِحْدَى ابْنَتَيَّ هَاتَيْنِ عَلَى أَنْ تَأْجُرَنِي ثَمَانِيَ حِجَجٍ فَإِنْ أَتْمَمْتَ عَشْرًا فَمِنْ عِنْدِكَ} (٢). ورَوَى ابنُ ماجَةَ في "سُنَنِه" (٣) عن عُتْبَةَ بن النُّدَّر، قال: كُنَّا عند رسولِ اللَّه -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- فَقَرأَ: {طس} حتى إذا بَلَغَ قِصَّةَ موسى، قال: "إنَّ مُوسَى عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ آجَرَ نَفسَه ثَمَانِىَ حِجَجٍ، أوْ عَشْرًا، عَلَى عِفَّةِ فَرْجِه، وطَعَامِ بَطْنِه". وقال اللهُ تعالى: {فَوَجَدَا فِيهَا جِدَارًا يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَنْقَضَّ فَأَقَامَهُ قَالَ لَوْ شِئْتَ لَاتَّخَذْتَ عَلَيْهِ أَجْرًا} (٤). وهذا يَدُلُّ على جَوَازِ أخْذِ الأجْرِ على إِقَامَتِه. وأمَّا السُّنَّةُ، فَثَبَتَ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّه -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-، وأبا بَكرٍ، اسْتَأْجَرَا رَجُلًا من بَنِى الدِّيلِ هادِيا خِرِّيتًا (٥). ورَوَى البُخَارِيُّ، عن أبي هُرَيْرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّه -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- قال: "قَالَ اللهُ عَزَّ وجَلَّ: ثَلَاثَةٌ أَنَا خَصْمُهُمْ يَوْمَ القِيَامَةِ؛ رَجُلٌ أعْطَى بِى ثم غَدَرَ، ورَجُلٌ بَاعَ حُرًّا فأكَلَ ثَمَنَهُ، ورَجُلٌ
(١) سورة الطلاق ٦.(٢) سورة القصص ٢٦، ٢٧.(٣) في: باب إجارة الأجير على طعام بطنه، من كتاب الرهون. سنن ابن ماجه ٢/ ٨١٧.(٤) سورة الكهف ٧٧.(٥) الخريت: هو الماهر بالهداية.والحديث أخرجه البخاري، في: باب استئجار المشركين عند الضرورة. . ., وباب إذا استأجر أجيرًا ليعمل له بعد ثلاثة أيام. . ., من كتاب الإِجارة، وفي: باب هجرة النبي -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- وأصحابه إلى المدينة، من كتاب مناقب الأنصار. صحيح البخاري ٣/ ١١٦، ٥/ ٧٦.
