between him and the third, fourth, and fifth in fifths. The calculation is valid based on thirty. If there are those lower than the fifth, it is the same. I know of no disagreement on this among those who hold the view of granting inheritance to the daughters of the son alongside the sons of the son after the two-thirds have been completed.
999 - Issue: He said: "If there is one daughter and daughters of a son, the daughter of the loin receives one-half, and the daughters of the son, whether one or more than that, receive the one-sixth as the completion of the two-thirds, unless there is a male with them who makes them agnatic heirs in what remains, with the male receiving the share of two females."
There are three rulings in this issue: The first is that a single daughter receives one-half, and there is no disagreement on this among the scholars of the Muslims, due to the saying of Allah the Almighty: "If there is only one, then she receives one-half" (2). Also, the Prophet (peace be upon him) decreed in a case of a daughter, a daughter of a son, and a sister, that the daughter receives one-half, the daughter of the son receives the one-sixth, and what remains goes to the sister (3). The second is that if there is a daughter of a son or multiple daughters of a son with the single daughter, the daughter receives one-half, and the daughters of the son, whether one or more, receive the one-sixth as the completion of the two-thirds. This is also unanimously agreed upon by the scholars. The basis for this is the saying of Allah the Almighty: "If they are women above two, they have two-thirds of what he left; and if there is one, she has half" (2). Thus, He assigned two-thirds to all the daughters, and the daughters of the loin and the daughters of the son are all female children, so they are entitled to two-thirds by the decree of the Book, and they do not exceed it. The daughter of the loin is uniquely entitled to one-half because it is assigned to her and the term applies to her literally, so the remainder of the two-thirds is left for the others. For this reason, the jurists said: They receive the one-sixth as the completion of the two-thirds. Hudhayl (4) ibn Shurahbil al-Awdi narrated that:
(11) In MS M: "by the establishment of agnation". (1) In MS M: "this". (2) Surah al-Nisa 11. (3) Its derivation was mentioned previously on page 10. (4) In MS M: "Huzayl", and his biography was mentioned previously in 3/260.
بينَه وبينَ الثالثةِ والرابعةِ والخامسةِ على خمسةٍ. وتَصِحُّ مِن ثلاثين. وإن كانَ أنْزَلَ من الخامسةِ، فكذلك. ولا أعلمُ في هذا خلافًا بين القائلينَ بتَوْرِيثِ (١١) بناتِ الابنِ مع بَنى الابنِ بعدَ اسْتِكمالِ الثُّلُثَينِ.
٩٩٩ - مسألة؛ قال: (فَإنْ كَانَتْ ابْنَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ، وَبَنَاتُ ابْنٍ، فَلابْنَةِ الصُّلْبِ النِّصْفُ، وَلِبَنَاتِ الْابْنِ وَاحِدَةً كَانَتْ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ مِن ذَلِكَ (١) السُّدُسُ، تَكْمِلَةُ الثُّلُثَيْنِ، إِلَّا أنْ يَكُونَ مَعَهُنَّ ذَكَرٌ فَيُعَصِّبَهُنَّ فِيمَا بَقِىَ، للذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الأُنْثَيَيْنِ)
في هذه المسأَلةِ ثَلاثةُ أحْكامٍ؛ أحدُها، أنَّ للبِنتِ الوَاحدةِ النِّصْفَ، ولا خِلافَ في هذا بين عُلَماءِ المسلمِين؛ لقولِ اللهِ تعالى: {وَإِنْ كَانَتْ وَاحِدَةً فَلَهَا النِّصْفُ} (٢). ولأنَّ النَّبىَّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- قَضَى في بِنتٍ وبنتِ ابنٍ وأُختٍ، أنَّ للبِنْتِ النِّصفَ، ولبنتِ الابنِ السُّدسَ، وما بَقِىَ فَلِلأُخْتِ (٣). الثاني، أنَّه إذا كانَ مع البِنتِ الوَاحدةِ بنتُ ابنٍ، أو بناتُ ابنٍ، فلِلْبِنتِ النِّصفُ، ولبناتِ الابْنِ واحدةً كانت أو أَكثرَ من ذلك السُّدُسُ، تَكْمِلةُ الثُّلُثيْنِ. وهذا أيضًا مُجْمَعٌ عليه بين العَلماءِ. والأصلُ فيه قولُ اللهِ تعالى: {فَإِنْ كُنَّ نِسَاءً فَوْقَ اثْنَتَيْنِ فَلَهُنَّ ثُلُثَا مَا تَرَكَ وَإِنْ كَانَتْ وَاحِدَةً فَلَهَا النِّصْفُ} (٢). فَفَرَضَ للبناتِ كلِّهن الثُّلُثينِ. وبناتُ الصُّلبِ، وبناتُ الابنِ كلُّهن نساءٌ مِن الأولادِ، فكانَ لهنَّ الثُّلُثانِ بفَرْضِ الكِتابِ، لا يَزِدْنَ عليه. واختُصَّتْ بنتُ الصُّلبِ بالنِّصْفِ؛ لأنَّه مَفْروضٌ لها، والاسمُ مُتناوِلٌ لها حَقيقةً، فيبْقَى للبقيَّةِ تمامُ الثُّلُثَينِ. ولهذا قالَ الفُقهاءُ: لهنَّ السُّدسُ تَكْمِلةُ الثُّلثيْنِ. وقد رَوَى هُذَيْلُ (٤) بنُ شُرَحْبِيل الأَوْدِىُّ قالَ:
(١١) في م: "بثبوت تعصيب".(١) في م: "هذا".(٢) سورة النساء ١١.(٣) تقدم تخريجه في صفحة ١٠.(٤) في م: "هزيل"، وتقدمت ترجمته في: ٣/ ٢٦٠.