Abi Awfa. He said: The Prophet (peace be upon him) said to me [6]: "Wala' is a bond like the bond of lineage; it is not sold and it is not gifted" [7].
1050 - Issue: He said: (Wala' belongs to the one who emancipated, even if their religions differ).
The scholars have reached a consensus that whoever emancipates a slave, or upon whom a slave is emancipated, and does not emancipate him as a sa'ibah [1] (an emancipated slave whose inheritance belongs to the public treasury), he possesses the Wala' over him. The basis for this is the statement of the Prophet (peace be upon him): "Wala' belongs to the one who emancipated" [2]. They also reached a consensus that the master inherits the entire estate of his freedman if he dies, provided their religions are the same and he does not leave behind any heir other than him. This is because of the statement of the Prophet (peace be upon him): "Wala' is a bond like the bond of lineage" [3]. Lineage is inherited through and from, and similarly, Wala' is [inherited]. Sa'id [4] narrated from Abd al-Rahman ibn Ziyad: Shu'bah narrated to us, from al-Hakam, from Abdullah ibn Shaddad, who said: The daughter of Hamza had a freedman whom she had emancipated. He died and left behind his daughter and his emancipator, the daughter of Hamza. The Prophet (peace be upon him) gave his daughter the half and gave his emancipator, the daughter of Hamza, the half. He said [5]: Khalid ibn Abdullah narrated to us, from Yunus, from al-Hasan, who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "Inheritance belongs to the asaba (agnatic heirs); if there are no [asaba, then it belongs to the mawla]" [6]. And from him, that a man...
(6) Omitted from [A]. (7) Narrated by al-Darimi, in: Chapter on the Sale of Wala', from the Book of Shares of Inheritance. Sunan al-Darimi 2/398, on the authority of Ibn Mas'ud. And al-Bayhaqi, in: Chapter on whoever emancipates a slave, from the Book of Wala'. Al-Sunan al-Kubra 2/292. And al-Hakim, in: Chapter on Wala' being a bond like the bond of lineage, from the Book of Shares of Inheritance. Al-Mustadrak 4/341, both on the authority of Ibn Umar. The author of al-Kanz attributed it to al-Tabarani in al-Kabir 10/324 "on the authority of Abdullah ibn Abi Awfa". (1) In the original manuscript: "sabiyah". It comes correctly at the beginning of the next issue. (2) Its authentication was provided previously in: 8/359. (3) Its authentication was provided previously on the same page, footnote 7. (4) In: Chapter on the inheritance of the mawla with other heirs, Sunan Sa'id ibn Mansur 1/72, 73. It was also narrated by Ibn Majah, in: Chapter on the inheritance of Wala', from the Book of Shares of Inheritance. Sunan Ibn Majah 2/913. And al-Darimi, in: Chapter on Wala', from the Book of Shares of Inheritance. Sunan al-Darimi 2/373. And Imam Ahmad, in: Al-Musnad 6/405. (5) In: Chapter on the prohibition of selling Wala' and its gift, Sunan Sa'id ibn Mansur 1/95. (6) In the Sunan: "asaba, then Wala' belongs to him."
أبى أَوْفَى. قال: قال لى (٦) النَّبِىُّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "الوَلَاءُ لُحْمةٌ كلُحْمَةِ النَّسَبِ، لَا يُبَاعُ وَلا يُوهَبُ" (٧).
١٠٥٠ - مسألة؛ قال: (وَالْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أعْتَقَ، وإِنْ اخْتَلَفَ دِينَاهُمَا)
أَجْمعَ أهلُ العلمِ على أَنَّ مَن أعْتَقَ عَبْدًا، أو عَتَقَ عليه، ولم يَعْتِقْه سَائِبَةً (١)، أَنَّ له عليه الوَلَاءَ. والأصلُ فى هذا قولُ النبىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "الوَلَاءُ لمن أعْتَقَ" (٢). وأجْمَعُوا أيضًا على أَنَّ السَّيدَ يَرِثُ عَتِيقَه إذا مات جَمِيعَ مالِه، إذا اتَّفقَ دِيناهُما، ولم يَخْلُفْ وارثًا سِوَاهُ؛ وذلك لقولِ النَّبِىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "الوَلاءُ لُحْمةٌ كلُحْمةِ النَّسَبِ" (٣). والنَّسَبُ يُورَثُ به، ولا يُورَثُ، كذلك الوَلَاءُ. ورَوَى سعيدٌ (٤)، عن عبدِ الرَّحمنِ بن زِيَادٍ، حَدَّثنا شُعْبةٌ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بن شَدَّادٍ، قال: كان لِبِنْتِ حَمْزةَ مَوْلًى أعْتَقَتْه، فمات، وتَرَك ابْنَتَه ومَوْلَاتَه، فأعْطىَ النبىُّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- ابْنَتَه النِّصْفَ، وأعْطىَ مَوْلاتَه بنتَ حَمْزَةَ النِّصْفَ. قال (٥): وحدَّثنا خالدُ بن عبدِ اللَّه، عن يُونُسَ، عن الحسنِ، قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "المِيراثُ لِلْعَصَبةِ، فَإنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ [عَصَبةٌ، فَلِلْمَوْلَى"] (٦). وعنه، أن رَجُلًا
(٦) سقط من: أ.(٧) أخرجه الدارمى، فى: باب بيع الولاء، من كتاب الفرائض. سنن الدارمى ٢/ ٣٩٨. عن ابن مسعود. والبيهقى، فى: باب من أعتق مملوكا، من كتاب الولاء. السنن الكبرى ٢/ ٢٩٢. والحاكم، فى: باب الولاء لحمة كلحمة النسب، من كتاب الفرائض. المستدرك ٤/ ٣٤١ كلاهما عن ابن عمر. وعزاه صاحب الكنز إلى الطبرانى فى الكبير ١٠/ ٣٢٤ "عن عبد اللَّه ابن أبى أوفى".(١) فى الأصل: "سابيه". ويأتى على الصواب فى أول المسألة التالية.(٢) تقدم تخريجه فى: ٨/ ٣٥٩.(٣) تقدم تخريجه فى الصفحة نفسها حاشية ٧.(٤) فى: باب ميراث المولى مع الورثة، سنن سعيد بن منصور ١/ ٧٢، ٧٣.كما أخرجه ابن ماجه، فى: باب ميراث الولاء، من كتاب الفرائض. سنن ابن ماجه ٢/ ٩١٣. والدارمى، فى: باب الولاء، من كتاب الفرائض. سنن الدارمى ٢/ ٣٧٣. والإمام أحمد، فى: المسند ٦/ ٤٠٥.(٥) فى: باب النهى عن بيع الولاء وهبته، سنن سعيد بن منصور ١/ ٩٥.(٦) فى السنن: "عصبة فالولاء".
