And when his male children reach the age of maturity and choose to be among the combatants, a stipend is assigned to them, and if they do not choose that, they are left alone. Whoever leaves the ranks of the combatants, his right to the stipend is dropped.
1084 - Issue: He said: "Four-fifths of the spoils of war belong to those who were present at the battle; the foot soldier receives one share, and the cavalryman receives three shares, unless the cavalryman is on a hajine (cross-breed) horse, in which case he receives two shares: one share for himself and one share for his horse."
Scholars have reached a consensus that four-fifths of the spoils belong to the victorious combatants. His saying—the Almighty—: "And know that anything you take as spoils of war, a fifth of it belongs to Allah" (Surah al-Anfal: 41) is understood as implying that the other four-fifths belong to them, because He attributed the spoils to them, then took a share from it for others, leaving the rest to them, just like His saying: "...and his parents inherit him, then his mother has the third" (Surah an-Nisa: 11). Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, said: "The spoils of war belong to those who witnessed the battle." The majority of scholars hold the view that the foot soldier has one share, and the cavalryman has three shares. Abu Hanifa said: "The cavalryman has two shares," but his companions disagreed with him and agreed with the rest of the scholars. It has been established from Ibn Umar that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) assigned three shares to the cavalryman: one share for him and two shares for his horse. This is agreed upon. Khalid al-Hadhdha' said: "There is no disagreement regarding it from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), that he assigned two shares for the horse and one share for its owner, and one share for the foot soldier."
(37) In B and M: "their children". (1) Surah al-Anfal: 41. (2) Surah an-Nisa: 11. (3) Recorded by al-Bayhaqi, in: The Chapter on Reinforcements Joining the Muslims..., from the Book of the Division of Fai' and Spoils of War. Al-Sunan al-Kubra 6/335. (4) Recorded by al-Bukhari, in: The Chapter on the Shares of the Horse, from the Book of Jihad. Sahih al-Bukhari 4/37. And Muslim, in: The Chapter on the Method of Distributing Spoils among those Present, from the Book of Jihad. Sahih Muslim 3/1383. It was also recorded by Abu Dawud, in: The Chapter on the Shares of Horses, from the Book of Jihad. Sunan Abi Dawud 7/43. And al-Tirmidhi, in: The Chapter on the Share of the Horse, from the Chapters on Military Expeditions. 'Aridat al-Ahwadhi 7/43. And Ibn Majah, in: The Chapter on the Distribution of Spoils, from the Book of Jihad. Sunan Ibn Majah 2/952. And al-Darimi, in: The Chapter on the Shares of Horses, from the Book of Military Expeditions. Sunan al-Darimi 2/225, 226. And Imam Ahmad, in: Al-Musnad 2/2, 62, 72, 80. (5) Khalid ibn Mihran al-Hadhdha' al-Basri, the Hafiz, was one of the senior Tabi'un. He saw Anas. He never worked as a cobbler (hadhdha'), but it was said of him because he used to sit on a cobbler's shop. He died in the year 142 AH. Al-Lubab 1/286, Al-'Ibar 1/192, 193. (6) Omitted from the Original, A, and B.
وإذا بلغَ ذُكُورُ أولاده (٣٧)، واختارُوا أن يكونُوا فى المُقاتلةِ، فُرِضَ لهم، وإن لم يختارُوا، تُرِكُوا، ومَنْ خَرَجَ من الْمُقاتِلَةِ، سَقَطَ حَقُّه من العَطاءِ.
١٠٨٤ - مسألة؛ قال: (وأرْبَعَةُ أخْمَاسِ الْغَنِيمَةِ لِمَنْ شَهِدَ الْوَقعَةَ، لِلرَّاجِلِ سَهْمٌ، ولِلْفَارِسِ ثَلَاثَةُ أسْهُمٍ، إلَّا أنْ يَكُونَ الْفَارِسُ عَلَى هَجِينٍ، فَيَكُونَ لَهُ سَهْمانِ، سَهْمٌ لَهُ، وسَهْمٌ لِهَجِينِهِ)
أجمعَ أهلُ العلمِ على أنَّ أربعةَ أخْماسِ الغَنِيمةِ للغَانمِينَ، وقولُه تعالى: {وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُ} (١) يُفْهَمُ منه أَنَّ أربعةَ أخْماسِها لهم؛ لأنَّه أضافَها إليهم، ثم أخَذَ منها سَهْمًا لغيرِهم، فبَقِىَ سائِرُها لهم، كقوله تعالى: {وَوَرِثَهُ أَبَوَاهُ فَلِأُمِّهِ الثُّلُثُ} (٢). وقال عمرُ، رَضِىَ اللَّهُ عنه: الغَنِيمةُ لِمَنْ شَهِدَ الوَقْعةَ (٣). وذَهَب جمهورُ أهلِ العلمِ، إلى أنَّ للرَّاجِلِ سَهْمًا، وللفارِسِ ثَلاثةَ أسْهُمٍ. وقال أبو حنيفةَ: للفارسِ سَهْمان. وخالَفه أصحابُه فوافَقُوا سائرَ العُلماءِ. وقد ثَبَتَ عن ابنِ عمرَ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- أسْهَمَ للفارسِ ثلاثةَ أسهُمٍ؛ سهمٌ له، وسهمان لِفَرَسِه. متفقٌ عليه (٤). وقال خالدٌ الحذاءُ (٥): إنَّه (٦) لا يُخْتَلَفُ فيه عن النَّبِىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-، أنَّه أسْهَمَ لِلفَرَسِ سَهْمينِ،
(٣٧) فى ب، م: "أولادهم".(١) سورة الأنفال ٤١.(٢) سورة النساء ١١.(٣) أخرجه البيهقى، فى: باب المدد يلحق بالمسلمين. . .، من كتاب قسم الفىء والغنيمة. السنن الكبرى ٦/ ٣٣٥.(٤) أخرجه البخارى، فى: باب سهام الفرس، من كتاب الجهاد. صحيح البخارى ٤/ ٣٧. ومسلم، فى: باب كيفية قسمة الغيمة بين الحاضرين، من كتاب الجهاد. صحيح مسلم ٣/ ١٣٨٣.كما أخرجه أبو داود، فى: باب فى سهمان الخيل، من كتاب الجهاد. سنن أبى داود ٧/ ٤٣. والترمذى، فى: باب فى سهم الخيل، من أبواب السير. عارضة الأحوذى ٧/ ٤٣. وابن ماجه، فى: باب قسمة الغنائم، من كتاب الجهاد. سنن ابن ماجه ٢/ ٩٥٢. والدارمى، فى: باب فى سهمان الخيل، من كتاب السير. سنن الدارمى ٢/ ٢٢٥، ٢٢٦. والإِمام أحمد، فى: المسند ٢/ ٢، ٦٢، ٧٢، ٨٠.(٥) خالد بن مهران الحذاء البصرى الحافظ، من كبار التابعين، وقد رأى أنسا، لم يحذ نعلا قط، وإنما قيل له ذلك لأنه كان يجلس على دكان حذاء، توفى سنة اثنتين وأربعين ومائة. اللباب ١/ ٢٨٦، العبر ١/ ١٩٢، ١٩٣.(٦) سقط من: الأصل، أ، ب.
