1118 - Issue: He said: "If a man marries off his virgin daughter and places her with someone who is compatible (kafa'ah), the marriage is binding even if she dislikes it, whether she is an adult or a minor."
As for the minor virgin, there is no disagreement regarding her. Ibn al-Mundhir said: "Every scholar from whom we have memorized [knowledge] is in agreement that the marriage of a father to his minor virgin (1) daughter is permissible if he marries her to someone compatible. It is permissible for him to marry her off even with her dislike and refusal." The permissibility of marrying off a minor has been demonstrated by the saying of Allah, the Most High: {And those who no longer expect menstruation among your women, if you are in doubt, their period is three months, and [also for] those who have not menstruated} (2). Thus, He assigned a three-month waiting period to those who have not menstruated, and there is no waiting period of three months except from a divorce (3) in a marriage or a cancellation. This proves that she is to be married and divorced, and she has no permission that is to be considered. Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, said: "The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, married me when I was six years old and consummated the marriage with me when I was nine years old." Agreed upon (4). It is known that at that time, she was not one whose permission is considered. Al-Athram reported that Qudama b. Maz'un married the daughter of al-Zubayr when she was just born. When he was questioned about this, he said: "The daughter of al-Zubayr, if I die, she will inherit from me, and if I live, she will be my wife." Ali also married off his daughter, Umm Kulthum, to Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with both of them, while she was a minor.
= and Ibn Majah, in: The Chapter on a man who emancipates his slave-girl then marries her, from the Book of Marriage. Sunan Ibn Majah 1/629. Al-Darimi, in: The Chapter on the virtue of one who emancipates a slave-girl then marries her, from the Book of Marriage. Sunan al-Darimi 2/154, 155. And Imam Ahmad, in: al-Musnad 4/395, 398, 402, 414. (1) Omitted from: The original. (2) Surah al-Talaq 4. (3) In M: "al-talaq" (the divorce). (4) Recorded by al-Bukhari, in: The Chapter on the Prophet's marriage to Aisha..., from the Book of the Virtues of the Ansar. Sahih al-Bukhari 5/70, 71. And Muslim, in: The Chapter on marrying a young virgin, from the Book of Marriage. Sahih Muslim 2/1038, 1039. It was also recorded by Abu Dawud, in: The Chapter on marrying minors, from the Book of Marriage. Sunan Abi Dawud 1/490. Ibn Majah, in: The Chapter on the marriage of minors whose fathers marry them off, from the Book of Marriage. Sunan Ibn Majah 1/603, 604. Al-Darimi, in: The Chapter on marrying minors when their fathers marry them off, from the Book of Marriage. Sunan al-Darimi 2/159, 160. And Imam Ahmad, in: al-Musnad 6/42, 118, 211.
١١١٨ - مسألة؛ قال: (وَإِذَا زوَّجَ الرَّجُلُ ابْنَتَه الْبِكْرَ، فَوَضَعَهَا فى كفَاءَةٍ، فالنِّكاحُ ثَابِتٌ وَإِنْ كَرِهَتْ، كَبِيرةً كَانتْ أو صَغِيرَةً)
أمَّا البِكْرُ الصغيرةُ، فلا خلافَ فيها. قال ابنُ المنذرِ: أجْمَعَ كلُّ مَنْ نَحْفَظُ عنه من أهلِ العلمِ، أَنَّ نِكاحَ الأبِ ابْنَتَه البِكْرَ (١) الصغيرةَ جائزٌ، إذا زَوَّجها من كُفْءٍ، ويجوزُ له تَزْوِيجُها مع كَرَاهِيَتِها وامْتِناعِها. وقد دَلَّ على جوازِ تَزْويج الصغيرةِ قولُ اللَّه تعالى: {وَاللَّائِى يَئِسْنَ مِنَ الْمَحِيضِ مِنْ نِسَائِكُمْ إِنِ ارْتَبْتُمْ فَعِدَّتُهُنَّ ثَلَاثَةُ أَشْهُرٍ وَاللَّائِى لَمْ يَحِضْنَ} (٢) فجَعلَ الِلَّائى لم يَحِضْنَ عِدَّةَ ثلاثةِ أشْهُرٍ، ولا تكونُ العِدَّةُ ثلاثةَ أشْهُرٍ إلَّا من طَلاقٍ (٣) فى نِكاحٍ أو فَسْخٍ، فدَلَّ ذلك على أنَّها تُزَوَّجُ وتُطَلَّقُ، ولا إذْنَ لها فيُعْتَبرُ. وقالت عائشةُ، رَضِىَ اللَّهُ عنها: تَزَوّجَنِى النَّبِىُّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- وأنا ابنةُ سِتٍّ، وَبنَى بى وأنا ابنةُ تِسْعٍ. متفقٌ عليه (٤). ومَعْلومٌ أنَّها لم تكنْ فى تلك الحالِ ممَّن يُعْتَبَرُ إذْنُها. ورَوَى الأثرمُ، أن قُدامةَ بن مَظْعونٍ تزوَّجَ ابنةَ الزُّبَيْرِ حين نَفِسَتْ، فقِيل له، فقال: ابْنةُ الزُّبيرِ إن مُتُّ وَرِثَتْنِى، وإن عِشْتُ كانت امْرَأتِى. وزَوّجَ علىٌّ ابنتَه أم كُلْثومٍ وهى صَغِيرةٌ عمرَ
= وابن ماجه، فى: باب الرجل يعتق أمته ثم يتزوجها، من كتاب النكاح. سنن ابن ماجه ١/ ٦٢٩. والدارمى، فى: باب فضل من أعتق أمة ثم تزوجها، من كتاب النكاح. سنن الدارمى ٢/ ١٥٤، ١٥٥. والإمام أحمد، فى: المسند ٤/ ٣٩٥، ٣٩٨، ٤٠٢، ٤١٤.(١) سقط من: الأصل.(٢) سورة الطلاق ٤.(٣) فى م: "الطلاق".(٤) أخرجه البخارى، فى: باب تزوج النبى -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- عائشة. . .، من كتاب مناقب الأنصار. صحيح البخارى ٥/ ٧٠، ٧١. ومسلم، فى: باب تزويج البكر الصغيرة، من كتاب النكاح. صحيح مسلم ٢/ ١٠٣٨، ١٠٣٩.كما أخرجه أبو داود، فى: باب فى تزويج الصغار، من كتاب النكاح. سنن أبى داود ١/ ٤٩٠. وابن ماجه، فى: باب نكاح الصغار يزوجهن الآباء، من كتاب النكاح. سنن ابن ماجه ١/ ٦٠٣، ٦٠٤. والدارمى، فى: باب فى تزويج الصغار إذا زوجهن آباؤهن، من كتاب النكاح. سنن الدارمى ٢/ ١٥٩، ١٦٠. والإمام أحمد، فى: المسند ٦/ ٤٢، ١١٨، ٢١١.
